Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.434° S, 029.824° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 26' 00" E, 029° 49' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (98)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
IT-C-2319 330 charcoal NA AMS 27515±261 BP 31870–31129 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2320 330 charcoal NA AMS 27339±229 BP 31695–31097 cal BP fisher2020cof
BETA-461581 331 charcoal NA AMS 26330±100 BP 30860–30331 cal BP fisher2020cof
BETA-461581 charcoal NA AMS 26330±100 BP 30860–30331 cal BP Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26 Bird et al. 2022
IT-C-2359 446 charcoal NA AMS 23323±164 BP 27755–27303 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2534 446 charcoal NA AMS 23024±154 BP 27649–27130 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2378 374 charcoal NA AMS 21324±123 BP 25875–25340 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2568 450 charcoal NA AMS 21277±122 BP 25844–25305 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2373 450 charcoal NA AMS 21220±127 BP 25805–25263 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2355 374 charcoal NA AMS 21158±125 BP 25753–25225 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2379 374 charcoal NA AMS 20779±144 BP 25542–24600 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2570 374 charcoal NA AMS 20706±121 BP 25222–24625 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2541 458 charcoal NA AMS 20062±104 BP 24260–23845 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2354 458 charcoal NA AMS 20058±113 BP 24280–23829 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2375 458 charcoal NA AMS 20052±121 BP 24298–23815 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2536 458 charcoal NA AMS 19980±103 BP 24190–23819 cal BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2380 458 charcoal NA AMS 19871±117 BP 24170–23756 cal BP fisher2020cof
BETA-469051 308 charcoal NA AMS 18980±50 BP 22995–22901 cal BP fisher2020cof
BETA-469051 charcoal NA AMS 18980±50 BP 22995–22901 cal BP Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26 Bird et al. 2022
BETA-461582 308 charcoal NA AMS 18690±60 BP 22840–22447 cal BP fisher2020cof

typological date Typological dates (167)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{fisher2020cof,
  
}
@misc{Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Gehlen 2010,
  
}
@misc{Dames and Moore 1974,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"fisher2020cof","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gehlen 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dames and Moore 1974","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: fisher2020cof
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last
  glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa.
  Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gehlen 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dames and Moore 1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog