Waterfall Bluff
Archaeological site
in South Africa
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
- Coordinates (degrees)
- 031.434° S, 029.824° E
- Coordinates (DMS)
- 031° 26' 00" E, 029° 49' 00" S
- Country (ISO 3166)
- South Africa (ZA)
Linked Data
There is no linked data available for this record.
Radiocarbon dates
(98)
| Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BETA-469052 | 216 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9640±30 BP | 11177–10804 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| BETA-469052 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9640±30 BP | 11177–10804 cal BP | Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26 Bird et al. 2022 | |
| BETA-469053 | 220 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9550±30 BP | 11074–10727 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| BETA-469053 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9550±30 BP | 11074–10727 cal BP | Gehlen 2010 Bird et al. 2022 | |
| BETA-516054 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 11680±40 BP | 13596–13475 cal BP | Dames and Moore 1974 Bird et al. 2022 | |
| BETA-516054 | 337 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 11680±40 BP | 13596–13475 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2319 | 330 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 27515±261 BP | 31870–31129 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2320 | 330 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 27339±229 BP | 31695–31097 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2321 | 108 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9607±57 BP | 11174–10760 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2322 | 108 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9596±49 BP | 11160–10762 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2323 | 124 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 7514±52 BP | 8402–8195 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2324 | 124 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 7556±41 BP | 8420–8218 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2325 | 107 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 7261±40 BP | 8174–7983 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2326 | 107 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 7349±49 BP | 8316–8025 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2327 | 337 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 11632±66 BP | 13598–13350 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2328 | 337 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 11687±63 BP | 13747–13425 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2329 | 114 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9670±55 BP | 11208–10785 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2330 | 114 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 9567±52 BP | 11142–10711 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2345 | 431 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 17101±120 BP | 20903–20415 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
| IT-C-2346 | 420 | charcoal | NA | AMS | 14277±80 BP | 17715–17085 cal BP | fisher2020cof |
Typological dates
(167)
| Classification | Estimated age | References |
|---|---|---|
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | fisher2020cof |
| NA | NA |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [fisher2020cof]
- No bibliographic information available. [Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Gehlen 2010]
- No bibliographic information available. [Dames and Moore 1974]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{fisher2020cof,
}
@misc{Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Gehlen 2010,
}
@misc{Dames and Moore 1974,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"fisher2020cof","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gehlen 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dames and Moore 1974","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]---
:bibtex_key: fisher2020cof
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last
glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa.
Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gehlen 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dames and Moore 1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"