Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.434° S, 029.824° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 26' 00" E, 029° 49' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (98)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
IT-C-2560 427 charcoal NA AMS 9599±44 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2385 426 charcoal NA AMS 9602±50 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2321 108 charcoal NA AMS 9607±57 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2556 427 charcoal NA AMS 9639±44 BP fisher2020cof
BETA-469052 216 charcoal NA AMS 9640±30 BP fisher2020cof
BETA-442147 charcoal NA AMS 9640±30 BP Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26 Bird et al. 2022
BETA-442147 114 charcoal NA AMS 9640±30 BP fisher2020cof
BETA-469052 charcoal NA AMS 9640±30 BP Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26 Bird et al. 2022
IT-C-2532 440 charcoal NA AMS 9644±46 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2329 114 charcoal NA AMS 9670±55 BP fisher2020cof
BETA-461584 charcoal NA AMS 9680±30 BP Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26 Bird et al. 2022
BETA-461584 287 charcoal NA AMS 9680±30 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2349 440 charcoal NA AMS 9691±50 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2327 337 charcoal NA AMS 11632±66 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2569 456 charcoal NA AMS 11641±56 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2390 456 charcoal NA AMS 11650±55 BP fisher2020cof
BETA-516054 charcoal NA AMS 11680±40 BP Dames and Moore 1974 Bird et al. 2022
BETA-516054 337 charcoal NA AMS 11680±40 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2328 337 charcoal NA AMS 11687±63 BP fisher2020cof
IT-C-2539 460 charcoal NA AMS 11855±56 BP fisher2020cof

typological date Typological dates (167)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA
LSA NA fisher2020cof
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{fisher2020cof,
  
}
@misc{Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Gehlen 2010,
  
}
@misc{Dames and Moore 1974,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"fisher2020cof","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa. Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gehlen 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dames and Moore 1974","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: fisher2020cof
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fisher E. C. et al 2020. Coastal occupation and foraging during the last
  glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff eastern Pondoland South Africa.
  Quaternary Research 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.26
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gehlen 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dames and Moore 1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog