Thula Mela
Archaeological site
in South Africa
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pta-5658 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 420±50 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-5659 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 390±50 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-5676 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 370±50 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-6079 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 480±30 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-6086 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 350±45 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-6089 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 360±50 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-6824 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 550±50 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7102 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 590±40 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7103 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 390±35 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7105 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 560±35 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7106 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 820±40 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7107 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 530±30 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7243 | bone | Homo sapiens | conventional 14C | 520±40 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7276 | bone | Homo sapiens | conventional 14C | 370±40 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7304 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 450±50 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7305 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 600±50 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7307 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 650±45 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-7310 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 590±60 BP | vogel2000rds | ||
Pta-5658 | charcoal | NA | NA | 420±50 BP | Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022 | ||
Pta-5659 | charcoal | NA | NA | 390±50 BP | Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.87-106. Bird et al. 2022 |
Classification | Estimated age | References |
---|---|---|
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA | |
Iron Age | NA | vogel2000rds |
NA | NA |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel2000rds]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.87-106.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).]
- No bibliographic information available. [Wadley L. 2000. The Wilton and pre-ceramic post-classic Wilton industries at Rose Cottage Cave and their context in the South African sequence.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.90-106.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Backwell L. Bhagwandas-Jogibhai K. Fenn G. James C. Laue G. Matier J. and Wallace C. 1996. Twyfelpoort Shelter: a Later Stone Age sequence.Southern African Field Archaeology5(2) pp.84-95.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{vogel2000rds,
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
}
@misc{Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.87-106.,
}
@misc{Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).,
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2000. The Wilton and pre-ceramic post-classic Wilton industries at Rose Cottage Cave and their context in the South African sequence.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.90-106.,
}
@misc{Backwell L. Bhagwandas-Jogibhai K. Fenn G. James C. Laue G. Matier J. and Wallace C. 1996. Twyfelpoort Shelter: a Later Stone Age sequence.Southern African Field Archaeology5(2) pp.84-95.,
}
@misc{Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"vogel2000rds","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.87-106.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2000. The Wilton and pre-ceramic post-classic Wilton industries at Rose Cottage Cave and their context in the South African sequence.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.90-106.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Backwell L. Bhagwandas-Jogibhai K. Fenn G. James C. Laue G. Matier J. and Wallace C. 1996. Twyfelpoort Shelter: a Later Stone Age sequence.Southern African Field Archaeology5(2) pp.84-95.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: vogel2000rds
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa
North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin
pp.87-106.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters
dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wadley L. 2000. The Wilton and pre-ceramic post-classic Wilton industries
at Rose Cottage Cave and their context in the South African sequence.The South African
Archaeological Bulletin pp.90-106.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Backwell L. Bhagwandas-Jogibhai K. Fenn G. James C. Laue G. Matier J.
and Wallace C. 1996. Twyfelpoort Shelter: a Later Stone Age sequence.Southern African
Field Archaeology5(2) pp.84-95.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial
farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"