Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
026.300° S, 031.967° E
Coordinates (DMS)
026° 18' 00" E, 031° 58' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
Eswatini (SZ)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (39)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Y-1996 bone NA NA 9370±160 BP Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2) pp.545-658. Bird et al. 2022
Y-1996 Stratum VII bone NA conventional 14C 9370±160 BP barham1989rdn
TZ-5631 Stratum VIII snail NA conventional 14C 11820±300 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5784 bone NA NA 13420±360 BP SARD Bird et al. 2022
TX-5784 Stratum X bone NA conventional 14C 13420±360 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5783 Stratum IX snail NA conventional 14C 11990±270 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5783 snail NA NA 11990±270 BP Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022
TX-5782 snail NA NA 10050±160 BP Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022
TX-5782 Stratum VIII snail NA conventional 14C 10050±160 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5630 Stratum VII eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 8860±180 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5630 eggshell NA NA 8860±180 BP Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022
TX-5629 eggshell NA NA 9360±190 BP Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022
TX-5629 Stratum VII eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 9360±190 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5628 snail NA NA 9380±90 BP Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022
TX-5628 Stratum VI snail NA conventional 14C 9380±90 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5627 snail NA NA 7300±100 BP Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022
TX-5627 Stratum V snail NA conventional 14C 7300±100 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5626 snail NA NA 6860±110 BP Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022
TX-5626 Stratum IV snail NA conventional 14C 6860±110 BP barham1989rdn
TX-5625 Stratum IV eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 6670±90 BP barham1989rdn

typological date Typological dates (40)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Robberg NA NA
MSA NA barham1989rdn
NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA barham1989rdn
Oakhurst NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{barham1989rdn,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118.,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. 1987.Later Stone Age hunters and gatherers of the southern Transvaal: social and ecological interpretation(Vol. 25). British Archaeological Reports.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2) pp.545-658.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"barham1989rdn","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 1987.Later Stone Age hunters and gatherers of the southern Transvaal: social and ecological interpretation(Vol. 25). British Archaeological Reports.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2) pp.545-658.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: barham1989rdn
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The
  South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wadley L. 1987.Later Stone Age hunters and gatherers of the southern
  Transvaal: social and ecological interpretation(Vol. 25). British Archaeological
  Reports.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2)
  pp.545-658.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog