Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
028.467° S, 030.383° E
Coordinates (DMS)
028° 28' 00" E, 030° 22' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (6)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-3764 layer 2 charcoal NA conventional 14C 3850±60 BP 4418–4091 cal BP mazel1988ssr
Pta-3780 layer 6 charcoal NA conventional 14C 10000±100 BP 11820–11239 cal BP mazel1988ssr
Pta-3782 layer 4 charcoal NA conventional 14C 9700±100 BP 11265–10737 cal BP mazel1988ssr
Pta-3764 charcoal NA NA 3850±60 BP 4418–4091 cal BP Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3780 charcoal NA NA 10000±100 BP 11820–11239 cal BP Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3782 charcoal NA NA 9700±100 BP 11265–10737 cal BP Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (6)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA mazel1988ssr
NA NA
LSA NA mazel1988ssr
NA NA
LSA NA mazel1988ssr
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{mazel1988ssr,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26.,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.,
  
}
@misc{Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"mazel1988ssr","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: mazel1988ssr
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations
  stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte
  Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg
  Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog