Shongweni South
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Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
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Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pta-1059 | 5 cm, Spit A, Level 1b | plant remains | NA | conventional 14C | 1120±50 BP | 1177–927 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-1060 | 24 cm, Spit C | plant remains | Sorghum | conventional 14C | 700±60 BP | 726–553 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-1061 | Spit D, Level 6 | plant remains | Sclerocarya birrea | conventional 14C | 4000±60 BP | 4795–4251 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-1766 | 22-23 cm, Spit C, Level 1b | plant remains | NA | conventional 14C | 1200±50 BP | 1270–974 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-1837 | 10 cm, Spit A, Level 1b | plant remains | NA | conventional 14C | 1060±45 BP | 1066–830 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-1948 | plant remains | Cultivated plants | conventional 14C | 940±135 BP | 1176–574 cal BP | hall1980rrd | |
Pta-1951 | Spit C, Levels 4 + 5 | plant remains | Pennisetum heads | conventional 14C | 1100±70 BP | 1241–802 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-4040 | Spit l, below Level 3 | plant remains | Sclerocarya birrea | conventional 14C | 1960±60 BP | 2042–1730 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-682 | Level 1 | NA | conventional 14C | 11870±130 BP | 14036–13495 cal BP | davies1975ess | |
Pta-821 | Spit B, Level 3 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1770±60 BP | 1820–1536 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-823 | Spit D, Level 6 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 3870±60 BP | 4424–4093 cal BP | vogel1986prd |
Pta-882 | Level 4 | NA | conventional 14C | 14760±130 BP | 18273–17560 cal BP | davies1975ess | |
Pta-966 | Level 7 | NA | conventional 14C | 22990±310 BP | 27769–26476 cal BP | davies1975ess | |
Pta-1059 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1120±50 BP | 1177–927 cal BP | Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117 Bird et al. 2022 | |
Pta-1060 | plant remains | NA | NA | 700±60 BP | 726–553 cal BP | Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117 Bird et al. 2022 | |
Pta-1061 | plant remains | NA | NA | 4000±60 BP | 4795–4251 cal BP | Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117 Bird et al. 2022 | |
Pta-1766 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1200±50 BP | 1270–974 cal BP | Walker N.J. 1980. Later Stone Age research in the Matopos.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.19-24. Bird et al. 2022 | |
Pta-1837 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1060±45 BP | 1066–830 cal BP | Opperman H. 1978. Excavations in the Buffelskloof rock shelter near Calitzdorp southern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin33(127) pp.18-38. Bird et al. 2022 | |
Pta-1948 | plant remains | NA | NA | 940±135 BP | 1176–574 cal BP | Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117 Bird et al. 2022 | |
Pta-1951 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1100±70 BP | 1241–802 cal BP | Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022 |
Classification | Estimated age | References |
---|---|---|
LSA | NA | vogel1986prd |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
Iron Age | NA | vogel1986prd |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | vogel1986prd |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | vogel1986prd |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | vogel1986prd |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
Iron Age | NA | hall1980rrd |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | vogel1986prd |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | vogel1986prd |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | davies1975ess |
Robberg | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | vogel1986prd |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1986prd]
- No bibliographic information available. [hall1980rrd]
- No bibliographic information available. [davies1975ess]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117]
- No bibliographic information available. [Walker N.J. 1980. Later Stone Age research in the Matopos.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.19-24.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Opperman H. 1978. Excavations in the Buffelskloof rock shelter near Calitzdorp southern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin33(127) pp.18-38.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).]
- No bibliographic information available. [Henderson Z. 2002. A dated cache of ostrich-eggshell flasks from Thomas' Farm Northern Cape Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.38-40.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Weißhaar 1989]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{vogel1986prd,
}
@misc{hall1980rrd,
}
@misc{davies1975ess,
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
}
@misc{Walker N.J. 1980. Later Stone Age research in the Matopos.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.19-24.,
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1978. Excavations in the Buffelskloof rock shelter near Calitzdorp southern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin33(127) pp.18-38.,
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
}
@misc{Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).,
}
@misc{Henderson Z. 2002. A dated cache of ostrich-eggshell flasks from Thomas' Farm Northern Cape Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.38-40.,
}
@misc{Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series.,
}
@misc{Weißhaar 1989,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"hall1980rrd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"davies1975ess","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Walker N.J. 1980. Later Stone Age research in the Matopos.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.19-24.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1978. Excavations in the Buffelskloof rock shelter near Calitzdorp southern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin33(127) pp.18-38.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Henderson Z. 2002. A dated cache of ostrich-eggshell flasks from Thomas' Farm Northern Cape Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.38-40.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wei√ühaar 1989","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: hall1980rrd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: davies1975ess
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Walker N.J. 1980. Later Stone Age research in the Matopos.The South African
Archaeological Bulletin pp.19-24.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Opperman H. 1978. Excavations in the Buffelskloof rock shelter near Calitzdorp
southern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin33(127) pp.18-38.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters
dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Henderson Z. 2002. A dated cache of ostrich-eggshell flasks from Thomas'
Farm Northern Cape Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin
pp.38-40.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle
and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological
Reports International Series.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Weißhaar 1989
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"