Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.526° S, 018.601° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 31' 00" E, 018° 36' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (22)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
AA-89907 P43 NW L1 5 cm NA NA AMS 679±44 BP 681–554 cal BP orton2011hsd
AA-89909 X40 NW L15a bone Chersina AMS 828±44 BP 897–672 cal BP orton2011hsd
AA-89910 Y40SW L25 bone Chersina AMS 2560±49 BP 2761–2490 cal BP orton2011hsd
OxA-22876 Y40 L7 wood NA AMS 622±21 BP 651–553 cal BP orton2012tbn
OxA-22982 Y40 L11 charcoal NA AMS 474±22 BP 530–498 cal BP orton2012tbn
OxA-22983 Y40 L18 charcoal NA AMS 2578±25 BP 2755–2549 cal BP orton2012han
OxA-24513 X40SW L6 bone Chersina AMS 589±23 BP 644–542 cal BP orton2012han
OxA-24514 U47SWSpit 2 bone Chersina AMS 394±23 BP 506–330 cal BP orton2012han
OxA-25353 X40SW L22 bone Chersina AMS 1897±25 BP 1872–1736 cal BP orton2011hsd
OxA-25354 X40SW L24B bone Bos taurus AMS 1840±26 BP 1824–1703 cal BP orton2011hsd
AA-89908 NA NA NA AMS 21900±120 BP 26359–25940 cal BP orton2011hsd
AA-89907 NA NA NA NA 679±44 BP 681–554 cal BP Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150. Bird et al. 2022
AA-89908 NA NA NA NA 21900±120 BP 26359–25940 cal BP Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150. Bird et al. 2022
AA-89909 NA bone NA NA 828±44 BP 897–672 cal BP Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150. Bird et al. 2022
AA-89910 NA bone NA NA 2560±49 BP 2761–2490 cal BP Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-22876 NA wood NA NA 622±21 BP 651–553 cal BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
OxA-22982 NA charcoal NA NA 474±22 BP 530–498 cal BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
OxA-22983 NA charcoal NA NA 2578±25 BP 2755–2549 cal BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
OxA-24513 NA bone NA NA 589±23 BP 644–542 cal BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
OxA-24514 NA bone NA NA 394±23 BP 506–330 cal BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (22)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA orton2011hsd
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2011hsd
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2011hsd
Final LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2012tbn
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2012tbn
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2012han
Final LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2012han
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2012han
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2011hsd
Final LSA NA NA
LSA NA orton2011hsd
Ceramic LSA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{orton2011hsd,
  
}
@misc{orton2012han,
  
}
@misc{orton2012tbn,
  
}
@misc{Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150.,
  
}
@misc{Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).,
  
}
@misc{Peresani M.  2014. JFA 39: 405-,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
{"bibtex_key":"orton2011hsd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"orton2012han","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"orton2012tbn","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Peresani M.  2014. JFA 39: 405-","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: orton2011hsd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: orton2012han
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: orton2012tbn
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene
  rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern
  African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa:
  hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University
  of Oxford).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Peresani M.  2014. JFA 39: 405-'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"

Changelog