Pomongwe Cave – XRONOS

Site type

Location

Map Map with labels Imagery

200 m

Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community

Coordinates (degrees): 020.533° S, 028.500° E
Coordinates (DMS): 020° 31' 00" E, 028° 30' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166): Zimbabwe (ZW)

Lab ID	Context	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	Calibrated age	References
Pta-2299	110 cm		NA	conventional 14C	14900±60 BP	18271–18150 cal BP	cooke1963rep
Pta-3118	5-540		NA	conventional 14C	12300±100 BP	14845–14045 cal BP	vogel1986prd
Pta-3119	12 to 16 cm		NA	conventional 14C	13000±120 BP	15898–15220 cal BP	vogel1986prd
SR-10		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	21700±400 BP	26955–25186 cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-11	140 cm	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	15800±200 BP	19531–18755 cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-12		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	9400±100 BP	11074–10294 cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-13		other	NA	conventional 14C	7690±140 BP	8979–8188 cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-14		charcoal	Sclereocayre caffra	conventional 14C	7610±110 BP	8601–8180 cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-39		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	35500±780 BP	41935–39180 cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-7		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	NA	can not be calculated cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-8		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	42200±2300 BP	48925–42145 cal BP	cooke1963rep
SR-9		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	42200±2300 BP	48925–42145 cal BP	cooke1963rep
Pta-2299			NA	NA	14900±60 BP	18271–18150 cal BP	Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3118			NA	NA	12300±100 BP	14845–14045 cal BP	Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3119			NA	NA	13000±120 BP	15898–15220 cal BP	Simmons 1991 863 Bird et al. 2022
SR-10		charcoal	NA	NA	21700±400 BP	26955–25186 cal BP	Clist 1998 Bird et al. 2022
SR-11		charcoal	NA	NA	15800±200 BP	19531–18755 cal BP	Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1971. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements IV.Radiocarbon13(2) pp.420-431. Bird et al. 2022
SR-12		charcoal	NA	NA	9400±100 BP	11074–10294 cal BP	Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results. National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum. Bird et al. 2022
SR-13		other	NA	NA	7690±140 BP	8979–8188 cal BP	SARD Bird et al. 2022
SR-14		charcoal	NA	NA	7610±110 BP	8601–8180 cal BP	SARD Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References
LSA	NA	cooke1963rep
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	vogel1986prd
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	vogel1986prd
	NA	NA
	NA	cooke1963rep
LSA	NA	cooke1963rep
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	cooke1963rep
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	cooke1963rep
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	cooke1963rep
	NA	NA
MSA	NA	cooke1963rep
	NA	NA
MSA	NA	cooke1963rep
	NA	NA
MSA	NA	cooke1963rep

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [cooke1963rep]
No bibliographic information available. [vogel1986prd]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117]
No bibliographic information available. [Simmons 1991 863]
No bibliographic information available. [Clist 1998]
No bibliographic information available. [Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1971. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements IV.Radiocarbon13(2) pp.420-431.]
No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results. National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.]
No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1966. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon8 pp.423-429.]
No bibliographic information available. [Ozainne et al. 2014]
No bibliographic information available. [Livingstone Smith A. 2007]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{cooke1963rep,
  
}
@misc{vogel1986prd,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Simmons 1991 863,
  
}
@misc{Clist 1998,
  
}
@misc{Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1971. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements IV.Radiocarbon13(2) pp.420-431.,
  
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results. National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1966. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon8 pp.423-429.,
  
}
@misc{Ozainne et al. 2014,
  
}
@misc{Livingstone Smith A. 2007,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"cooke1963rep","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Simmons 1991 863","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clist 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1971. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements IV.Radiocarbon13(2) pp.420-431.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results. National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1966. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon8 pp.423-429.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ozainne et al. 2014","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Livingstone Smith A. 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: cooke1963rep
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South
  Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African
  Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Simmons 1991 863
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Clist 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1971. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements IV.Radiocarbon13(2)
  pp.420-431.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results.
  National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sheppard J.G. and Swart E. 1966. Rhodesian radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon8
  pp.423-429.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ozainne et al. 2014
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Livingstone Smith A. 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Linked Data

Radiocarbon dates (23)

Typological dates (23)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR