Olifantspoort 29/72
Archaeological site
in South Africa
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
Radiocarbon dates
(6)
| Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RL-199 | Hut A | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 710±120 BP | mason1986obp | |
| RL-243 | Hut S | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 440±90 BP | mason1986obp | |
| RL-244 | Hut S | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 350±90 BP | mason1986obp | |
| RL-199 | charcoal | NA | NA | 710±120 BP | Marwitt 1970: table 9; FRY & DALLEY 1979 p. 5 & 18Marwitt & Fry p.5 Bird et al. 2022 | ||
| RL-243 | charcoal | NA | NA | 440±90 BP | Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University. Bird et al. 2022 | ||
| RL-244 | charcoal | NA | NA | 350±90 BP | Brumley and Rushworth 1983; Kigoshi et al. 1973; Lowdon and Blake 1968; Lowdon et al. 1970; Beaudoin 1988 1991 1987 1998; Brink and Dawe 1989; Brink et al. 1985 1986; Reeves 1970a 1978; Faunmap 3509 Bird et al. 2022 |
Typological dates
(6)
| Classification | Estimated age | References |
|---|---|---|
| Iron Age | NA | mason1986obp |
| Later Iron Age | NA | NA |
| Iron Age | NA | mason1986obp |
| Later Iron Age | NA | NA |
| Iron Age | NA | mason1986obp |
| Later Iron Age | NA | NA |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [mason1986obp]
- No bibliographic information available. [Marwitt 1970: table 9; FRY & DALLEY 1979 p. 5 & 18Marwitt & Fry p.5]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Brumley and Rushworth 1983; Kigoshi et al. 1973; Lowdon and Blake 1968; Lowdon et al. 1970; Beaudoin 1988 1991 1987 1998; Brink and Dawe 1989; Brink et al. 1985 1986; Reeves 1970a 1978; Faunmap 3509]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{mason1986obp,
}
@misc{Marwitt 1970: table 9; FRY & DALLEY 1979 p. 5 & 18Marwitt & Fry p.5,
}
@misc{Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.,
}
@misc{Brumley and Rushworth 1983; Kigoshi et al. 1973; Lowdon and Blake 1968; Lowdon et al. 1970; Beaudoin 1988 1991 1987 1998; Brink and Dawe 1989; Brink et al. 1985 1986; Reeves 1970a 1978; Faunmap 3509,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"mason1986obp","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Marwitt 1970: table 9; FRY & DALLEY 1979 p. 5 & 18Marwitt & Fry p.5","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Brumley and Rushworth 1983; Kigoshi et al. 1973; Lowdon and Blake 1968; Lowdon et al. 1970; Beaudoin 1988 1991 1987 1998; Brink and Dawe 1989; Brink et al. 1985 1986; Reeves 1970a 1978; Faunmap 3509","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]---
:bibtex_key: mason1986obp
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Marwitt 1970: table 9; FRY & DALLEY 1979 p. 5 & 18Marwitt & Fry p.5'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern
western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological
Research Unit Witwatersrand University.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Brumley and Rushworth 1983; Kigoshi et al. 1973; Lowdon and Blake 1968;
Lowdon et al. 1970; Beaudoin 1988 1991 1987 1998; Brink and Dawe 1989; Brink et
al. 1985 1986; Reeves 1970a 1978; Faunmap 3509
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"