Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
033.933° S, 022.617° E
Coordinates (DMS)
033° 55' 00" E, 022° 37' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (38)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
AA-2115 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4830±250 BP 6175–4867 cal BP patrick1989aas
AA-2116 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 2065±105 BP 2316–1747 cal BP patrick1989aas
AA-2117 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4995±215 BP 6280–5298 cal BP patrick1989aas
AA-2119 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4870±210 BP 6173–4981 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-3178 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 6180±70 BP 7255–6894 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-3719 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 5330±60 BP 6277–5943 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-3724 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 9100±90 BP 10553–9922 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-375 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 8270±55 BP 9427–9032 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-377 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 7910±70 BP 8992–8590 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-410 NA bone NA conventional 14C 8950±90 BP 10246–9740 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4347 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4880±70 BP 5880–5465 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4348 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4880±70 BP 5880–5465 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4354 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 7120±60 BP 8025–7797 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4367 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 5450±70 BP 6395–6007 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4426 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 5990±70 BP 7145–6665 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4431 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4100±60 BP 4825–4440 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4449 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4530±70 BP 5446–4890 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4467 NA bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4900±60 BP 5853–5478 cal BP patrick1989aas
Pta-520 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 3450±55 BP 3847–3565 cal BP patrick1989aas
AA-2115 NA bone NA NA 4830±250 BP 6175–4867 cal BP Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town). Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (38)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
Oakhurst NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{patrick1989aas,
  
}
@misc{Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Mitchell P. and Arthur C. 2014. Ha Makotoko: Later Stone Age Occupation across the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in Western Lesotho.Journal of African Archaeology12(2) pp.205-232.,
  
}
@misc{Weißhaar 1989,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{Robinson K.R. 1985. Dated Iron Age sites from the upper Umguza Valley 1982: Their possible implications.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 40 pp.17-38.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.,
  
}
@misc{Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
{"bibtex_key":"patrick1989aas","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mitchell P. and Arthur C. 2014. Ha Makotoko: Later Stone Age Occupation across the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in Western Lesotho.Journal of African Archaeology12(2) pp.205-232.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wei√ühaar 1989","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robinson K.R. 1985. Dated Iron Age sites from the upper Umguza Valley 1982: Their possible implications.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 40 pp.17-38.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: patrick1989aas
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human
  skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral
  dissertation University of Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mitchell P. and Arthur C. 2014. Ha Makotoko: Later Stone Age Occupation
  across the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in Western Lesotho.Journal of African
  Archaeology12(2) pp.205-232.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Weißhaar 1989
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
  foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Robinson K.R. 1985. Dated Iron Age sites from the upper Umguza Valley
  1982: Their possible implications.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 40 pp.17-38.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
  art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte
  Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower
  Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"

Changelog