Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
033.933° S, 022.617° E
Coordinates (DMS)
033° 55' 00" E, 022° 37' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (38)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
AA-2115 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4830±250 BP patrick1989aas
AA-2116 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 2065±105 BP patrick1989aas
AA-2117 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4995±215 BP patrick1989aas
AA-2119 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4870±210 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-3178 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 6180±70 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-3719 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 5330±60 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-3724 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 9100±90 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-375 charcoal NA conventional 14C 8270±55 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-377 charcoal NA conventional 14C 7910±70 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-410 bone NA conventional 14C 8950±90 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4347 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4880±70 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4348 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4880±70 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4354 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 7120±60 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4367 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 5450±70 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4426 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 5990±70 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4431 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4100±60 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4449 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4530±70 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-4467 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 4900±60 BP patrick1989aas
Pta-520 charcoal NA conventional 14C 3450±55 BP patrick1989aas
AA-2115 bone NA NA 4830±250 BP Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town). Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (38)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA patrick1989aas
Oakhurst NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{patrick1989aas,
  
}
@misc{Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Robinson K.R. 1985. Dated Iron Age sites from the upper Umguza Valley 1982: Their possible implications.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 40 pp.17-38.,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.,
  
}
@misc{Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.,
  
}
@misc{Weißhaar 1989,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Mitchell P. and Arthur C. 2014. Ha Makotoko: Later Stone Age Occupation across the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in Western Lesotho.Journal of African Archaeology12(2) pp.205-232.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"patrick1989aas","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robinson K.R. 1985. Dated Iron Age sites from the upper Umguza Valley 1982: Their possible implications.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 40 pp.17-38.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wei√ühaar 1989","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mitchell P. and Arthur C. 2014. Ha Makotoko: Later Stone Age Occupation across the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in Western Lesotho.Journal of African Archaeology12(2) pp.205-232.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: patrick1989aas
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human
  skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral
  dissertation University of Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
  foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Robinson K.R. 1985. Dated Iron Age sites from the upper Umguza Valley
  1982: Their possible implications.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 40 pp.17-38.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1988. Sikhanyisweni Shelter: report on excavations in hte
  Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.379-406.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower
  Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Weißhaar 1989
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
  art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mitchell P. and Arthur C. 2014. Ha Makotoko: Later Stone Age Occupation
  across the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in Western Lesotho.Journal of African
  Archaeology12(2) pp.205-232.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog