Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
025.560° S, 027.360° E
Coordinates (DMS)
025° 33' 00" E, 027° 21' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (14)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-7825 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 185±20 BP 289–143 cal BP pistorius2001smm
Pta-7831 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 180±45 BP 302–56 cal BP pistorius2001smm
Pta-7836 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 170±45 BP 294–55 cal BP pistorius2001smm
Pta-7837 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 160±35 BP 287–57 cal BP pistorius2001smm
Pta-7849 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 120±50 BP 280–5 cal BP pistorius2001smm
Pta-7850 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 200±50 BP 419–53 cal BP pistorius2001smm
Pta-7851 NA charcoal NA conventional 14C 115±20 BP 263–25 cal BP pistorius2001smm
Pta-7825 NA charcoal NA NA 185±20 BP 289–143 cal BP Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-7831 NA charcoal NA NA 180±45 BP 302–56 cal BP Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-7836 NA charcoal NA NA 170±45 BP 294–55 cal BP Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-7837 NA charcoal NA NA 160±35 BP 287–57 cal BP Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-7849 NA charcoal NA NA 120±50 BP 280–5 cal BP Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-7850 NA charcoal NA NA 200±50 BP 419–53 cal BP Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-7851 NA charcoal NA NA 115±20 BP 263–25 cal BP Mitchell P. Plug I. Bailey G. Charles R. Esterhuysen A. Thorp J.L. Parker A. and Woodborne S. 2011. Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho.Antiquity85(330) pp.1225-1242. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (14)

Classification Estimated age References
Iron Age NA pistorius2001smm
Later Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA pistorius2001smm
Later Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA pistorius2001smm
Later Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA pistorius2001smm
Later Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA pistorius2001smm
Later Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA pistorius2001smm
Later Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA pistorius2001smm
Later Iron Age NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{pistorius2001smm,
  
}
@misc{Mitchell P. Plug I. Bailey G. Charles R. Esterhuysen A. Thorp J.L. Parker A. and Woodborne S. 2011. Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho.Antiquity85(330) pp.1225-1242.,
  
}
@misc{Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56.,
  
}
@misc{Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}

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---
:bibtex_key: pistorius2001smm
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mitchell P. Plug I. Bailey G. Charles R. Esterhuysen A. Thorp J.L. Parker
  A. and Woodborne S. 2011. Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene
  hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho.Antiquity85(330) pp.1225-1242.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on
  Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South
  Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle
  and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological
  Reports International Series.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"

Changelog