Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
028.344° S, 030.424° E
Coordinates (DMS)
028° 20' 00" E, 030° 25' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (24)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
OZD-453 encrustation below painting other NA AMS 3720±100 BP 4405–3834 cal BP mazel2003dpu
Pta-5898 7 charcoal NA conventional 14C 4790±60 BP 5603–5325 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-5900 4 charcoal NA conventional 14C 4300±20 BP 4866–4840 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6244 2 charcoal NA conventional 14C 3560±60 BP 4069–3650 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6245 3 charcoal NA conventional 14C 4080±25 BP 4796–4446 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6251 4 charcoal NA conventional 14C 4640±70 BP 5580–5054 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6253 8 charcoal NA conventional 14C 5680±70 BP 6633–6310 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6255 5 charcoal NA conventional 14C 4960±70 BP 5895–5587 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6256 6 charcoal NA conventional 14C 4140±60 BP 4834–4454 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6258 11 charcoal NA conventional 14C 6300±80 BP 7421–7002 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6259 13 charcoal NA conventional 14C 8670±140 BP 10165–9461 cal BP mazel1996mse
Pta-6260 14 charcoal NA conventional 14C 7460±140 BP 8537–8009 cal BP mazel1996mse
OZD-453 other NA NA 3720±100 BP 4405–3834 cal BP Watchman et al. 2000 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-5898 charcoal NA NA 4790±60 BP 5603–5325 cal BP Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12) pp.1-39. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-5900 charcoal NA NA 4300±20 BP 4866–4840 cal BP Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town). Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6244 charcoal NA NA 3560±60 BP 4069–3650 cal BP Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12) pp.1-39. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6245 charcoal NA NA 4080±25 BP 4796–4446 cal BP Henshilwood C.S. 2008.Holocene prehistory of the southern Cape South Africa: excavations at Blombos Cave and the Blombosfontein Nature Reserve. Oxford: Archaeopress. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6251 charcoal NA NA 4640±70 BP 5580–5054 cal BP Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12) pp.1-39. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6253 charcoal NA NA 5680±70 BP 6633–6310 cal BP Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12) pp.1-39. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6255 charcoal NA NA 4960±70 BP 5895–5587 cal BP Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12) pp.1-39. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (24)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA mazel2003dpu
NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA mazel1996mse
Wilton NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{mazel2003dpu,
  
}
@misc{mazel1996mse,
  
}
@misc{Watchman et al. 2000,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12) pp.1-39.,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Henshilwood C.S. 2008.Holocene prehistory of the southern Cape South Africa: excavations at Blombos Cave and the Blombosfontein Nature Reserve. Oxford: Archaeopress.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"mazel2003dpu","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"mazel1996mse","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Watchman et al. 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12) pp.1-39.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Henshilwood C.S. 2008.Holocene prehistory of the southern Cape South Africa: excavations at Blombos Cave and the Blombosfontein Nature Reserve. Oxford: Archaeopress.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: mazel2003dpu
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: mazel1996mse
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Watchman et al. 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1996. Maqonqo Shelter: the excavation of Holocene deposits
  in the eastern Biggarsberg thukela Basin South Africa.Southern African Humanities8(12)
  pp.1-39.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
  of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
  Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Henshilwood C.S. 2008.Holocene prehistory of the southern Cape South
  Africa: excavations at Blombos Cave and the Blombosfontein Nature Reserve. Oxford:
  Archaeopress.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog