Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
028.943° S, 031.047° E
Coordinates (DMS)
028° 56' 00" E, 031° 02' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (10)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-4093 Area II charcoal NA conventional 14C 1390±50 BP 1378–1177 cal BP vanschalkwyk1994evl
Pta-4114 Area II bone NA conventional 14C 1300±50 BP 1302–1076 cal BP vanschalkwyk1994evl
Pta-4132 Area VII bone NA conventional 14C 1290±50 BP 1298–1075 cal BP vanschalkwyk1994evl
Pta-4137 Test Trench I bone NA conventional 14C 1300±50 BP 1302–1076 cal BP vanschalkwyk1994evl
Pta-4164 NA bone NA conventional 14C 1170±60 BP 1266–956 cal BP vanschalkwyk1994evl
Pta-4093 NA charcoal NA NA 1390±50 BP 1378–1177 cal BP Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4114 NA bone NA NA 1300±50 BP 1302–1076 cal BP Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4132 NA bone NA NA 1290±50 BP 1298–1075 cal BP Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4137 NA bone NA NA 1300±50 BP 1302–1076 cal BP Dreyer J.J.B. 1992. The Iron Age archaeology of Doornpoort Winburg Orange Free State.Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum8(7). Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4164 NA bone NA NA 1170±60 BP 1266–956 cal BP Dreyer J.J.B. 1992. The Iron Age archaeology of Doornpoort Winburg Orange Free State.Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum8(7). Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (10)

Classification Estimated age References
Iron Age NA vanschalkwyk1994evl
Early Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA vanschalkwyk1994evl
Early Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA vanschalkwyk1994evl
Early Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA vanschalkwyk1994evl
Early Iron Age NA NA
Iron Age NA vanschalkwyk1994evl
Early Iron Age NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{vanschalkwyk1994evl,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.,
  
}
@misc{Dreyer J.J.B. 1992. The Iron Age archaeology of Doornpoort Winburg Orange Free State.Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum8(7).,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}

{"bibtex_key":"vanschalkwyk1994evl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dreyer J.J.B. 1992. The Iron Age archaeology of Doornpoort Winburg Orange Free State.Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum8(7).","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: vanschalkwyk1994evl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Van Schalkwyk L. 1994. Wosi: an early Iron Age village in the lower
  Thukela Basin Natal.Southern African Humanities6(10) pp.65-117.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Dreyer J.J.B. 1992. The Iron Age archaeology of Doornpoort Winburg Orange
  Free State.Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum8(7).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"

Changelog