Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
022.949° S, 026.909° E
Coordinates (DMS)
022° 56' 00" E, 026° 54' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
Botswana (BW)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (10)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-24514 NA conventional 14C 920±70 BP 955–689 cal BP kiyagamulindwa1990eec
Beta-24515 NA conventional 14C 690±60 BP 723–551 cal BP huffman2009mgz
Beta-24516 NA conventional 14C 730±50 BP 733–560 cal BP huffman2009mgz
Beta-24518 NA conventional 14C 750±60 BP 782–560 cal BP kiyagamulindwa1990eec
Beta-24519 NA conventional 14C 1070±60 BP 1175–798 cal BP kiyagamulindwa1990eec
Beta-24514 NA NA 920±70 BP 955–689 cal BP Kiyaga-Mulindwa D. 1990. Excavations at Lose enclosure central Botswana. In Urban origins in Eastern Africa: proceedings of the 1989 workshop at Great Zimbabwe (pp. 48-59). Bird et al. 2022
Beta-24515 NA NA 690±60 BP 723–551 cal BP Huffman T.N. 2009. Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe: The origin and spread of social complexity in southern Africa.Journal of Anthropological Archaeology28(1) pp.37-54. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-24516 NA NA 730±50 BP 733–560 cal BP Huffman T.N. 2009. Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe: The origin and spread of social complexity in southern Africa.Journal of Anthropological Archaeology28(1) pp.37-54. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-24518 NA NA 750±60 BP 782–560 cal BP Kiyaga-Mulindwa D. 1990. Excavations at Lose enclosure central Botswana. In Urban origins in Eastern Africa: proceedings of the 1989 workshop at Great Zimbabwe (pp. 48-59). Bird et al. 2022
Beta-24519 NA NA 1070±60 BP 1175–798 cal BP Kiyaga-Mulindwa D. 1990. Excavations at Lose enclosure central Botswana. In Urban origins in Eastern Africa: proceedings of the 1989 workshop at Great Zimbabwe (pp. 48-59). Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (10)

Classification Estimated age References
NA NA
NA NA
NA NA
NA NA
NA NA
Iron Age NA kiyagamulindwa1990eec
Iron Age NA kiyagamulindwa1990eec
Iron Age NA huffman2009mgz
Iron Age NA kiyagamulindwa1990eec
Iron Age NA huffman2009mgz

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{kiyagamulindwa1990eec,
  
}
@misc{huffman2009mgz,
  
}
@misc{Kiyaga-Mulindwa D. 1990. Excavations at Lose enclosure central Botswana. In Urban origins in Eastern Africa: proceedings of the 1989 workshop at Great Zimbabwe (pp. 48-59).,
  
}
@misc{Huffman T.N. 2009. Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe: The origin and spread of social complexity in southern Africa.Journal of Anthropological Archaeology28(1) pp.37-54.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"kiyagamulindwa1990eec","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"huffman2009mgz","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiyaga-Mulindwa D. 1990. Excavations at Lose enclosure central Botswana. In Urban origins in Eastern Africa: proceedings of the 1989 workshop at Great Zimbabwe (pp. 48-59).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Huffman T.N. 2009. Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe: The origin and spread of social complexity in southern Africa.Journal of Anthropological Archaeology28(1) pp.37-54.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: kiyagamulindwa1990eec
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: huffman2009mgz
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kiyaga-Mulindwa D. 1990. Excavations at Lose enclosure central Botswana.
  In Urban origins in Eastern Africa: proceedings of the 1989 workshop at Great Zimbabwe
  (pp. 48-59).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Huffman T.N. 2009. Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe: The origin and spread
  of social complexity in southern Africa.Journal of Anthropological Archaeology28(1)
  pp.37-54.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog