Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
032.067° S, 020.167° E
Coordinates (DMS)
032° 04' 00" E, 020° 10' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (26)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-1642 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 3540±60 BP 3980–3644 cal BP sealy1988ssc
Pta-1642 bone NA NA 3540±60 BP 3980–3644 cal BP Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-003800 NA NA 15871±59 BP 19335–18981 cal BP Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J. Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson's Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-003800 yswcl NA AMS 15871±59 BP 19335–18981 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-003799 blss NA AMS 14656±55 BP 18154–17840 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-003799 NA NA 14656±55 BP 18154–17840 cal BP Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-003798 NA NA 13584±58 BP 16570–16240 cal BP Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-003798 rwhf NA AMS 13584±58 BP 16570–16240 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-003797 rwhf NA AMS 13439±56 BP 16333–16025 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-003797 NA NA 13439±56 BP 16333–16025 cal BP Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-002441 NA NA 15342±65 BP 18800–18333 cal BP Prufer et al. 2017 Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-002441 cmss NA AMS 15342±65 BP 18800–18333 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-002440b cmss NA AMS 15306±65 BP 18773–18315 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-002440b NA NA 15306±65 BP 18773–18315 cal BP Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-002440a NA NA 14121±61 BP 17335–17050 cal BP Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-002440a owss NA AMS 14121±61 BP 17335–17050 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-002439 NA NA 12303±41 BP 14790–14088 cal BP Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15. Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-002439 rwhf NA AMS 12303±41 BP 14790–14088 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-001839 dgmch NA AMS 18232±71 BP 22326–22055 cal BP mackay2016toa
D-AMS-001839 NA NA 18232±71 BP 22326–22055 cal BP Prufer et al. 2017 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (26)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA mackay2016toa
NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA mackay2016toa
Robberg NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{mackay2016toa,
  
}
@misc{sealy1988ssc,
  
}
@misc{Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15.,
  
}
@misc{Prufer et al. 2017,
  
}
@misc{Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J. Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson's Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163.,
  
}
@misc{Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"mackay2016toa","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sealy1988ssc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Prufer et al. 2017","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J. Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson's Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: mackay2016toa
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sealy1988ssc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mackay A. (2016). Three arcs: observations on the archaeology of the
  Elands Bay and northern Cederberg landscapes. Southern African Humanities 29 1-15.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Prufer et al. 2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J.
  Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone
  Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson''s Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand
  South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast
  Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog