Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
025.959° S, 030.243° E
Coordinates (DMS)
025° 57' 00" E, 030° 14' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (14)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-477097 3 charcoal NA AMS 8860±30 BP bader2020ulp
Beta-477093 3 charcoal NA AMS 9170±30 BP bader2020ulp
Beta-477094 4 charcoal NA AMS 12300±40 BP bader2020ulp
Beta-522529 5 charcoal NA AMS 13730±40 BP bader2020ulp
Beta-522531 5 charcoal NA AMS 13150±40 BP bader2020ulp
Beta-522530 5 charcoal NA AMS 13580±40 BP bader2020ulp
Beta-522532 6 charcoal NA AMS 10850±30 BP bader2020ulp
Beta-477093 charcoal NA AMS 9170±30 BP Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-477094 charcoal NA AMS 12300±40 BP Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-477097 charcoal NA AMS 8860±30 BP SARD Bird et al. 2022
Beta-522529 charcoal NA AMS 13730±40 BP Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-522530 charcoal NA AMS 13580±40 BP Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-522531 charcoal NA AMS 13150±40 BP Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-522532 charcoal NA AMS 10850±30 BP Manley and Jennings 1996; Gullason 1999; Henshaw 1999 2000 2003; Odess 1996 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (14)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA bader2020ulp
NA NA
LSA NA bader2020ulp
NA NA
LSA NA bader2020ulp
NA NA
LSA NA bader2020ulp
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA bader2020ulp
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA bader2020ulp
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA bader2020ulp
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{bader2020ulp,
  
}
@misc{Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Manley and Jennings 1996; Gullason 1999; Henshaw 1999 2000 2003; Odess 1996,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"bader2020ulp","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Manley and Jennings 1996; Gullason 1999; Henshaw 1999 2000 2003; Odess 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: bader2020ulp
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bader G.D. Linstädter J. and Schoeman M.H. 2020. Uncovering the Late
  Pleistocene LSA of Mpumalanga Province South Africa: Early Results from Iron Pig
  Rock Shelter.Journal of African Archaeology1(aop) pp.1-19.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Manley and Jennings 1996; Gullason 1999; Henshaw 1999 2000 2003; Odess
  1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog