Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
030.633° S, 025.500° E
Coordinates (DMS)
030° 37' 00" E, 025° 30' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (8)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GX-1295 Level 3 charcoal NA conventional 14C 235±80 BP sampson1970sic
GX-1295 charcoal NA NA 235±80 BP Hoffecker et al. 1996: 354 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3401 plant remains NA NA 540±180 BP Bollong CA Vogel JC Jacobson L Van der Westhuizen WA and Sampson CG 1993. Direct dating and identity of fiber temper in pre-contact Bushman (Masarwa) pottery. Journal of Archaeological Science 20: 41-55. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3401 Excavated plant remains NA conventional 14C 540±180 BP bollong1993ddi
Pta-3402/75 Base of ceramicSequence plant remains NA conventional 14C 1120±70 BP bollong1993ddi
Pta-3402/75 plant remains NA NA 1120±70 BP Goring-Morris 1987 Schyle 1996 Bird et al. 2022
SR-121 Level 3 charcoal NA conventional 14C 90±90 BP sampson1970sic
SR-121 charcoal NA NA 90±90 BP Rudd S. 1984. Excavations at Lekkerwater Ruins Tsindi Hill Theydon Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 39 pp.83-105. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (4)

Classification Estimated age References
NA sampson1970sic
NA bollong1993ddi
NA bollong1993ddi
NA sampson1970sic

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{sampson1970sic,
  
}
@misc{bollong1993ddi,
  
}
@misc{Hoffecker et al. 1996: 354,
  
}
@misc{Bollong CA Vogel JC Jacobson L Van der Westhuizen WA and Sampson CG 1993. Direct dating and identity of fiber temper in pre-contact Bushman (Masarwa) pottery. Journal of Archaeological Science 20: 41-55.,
  
}
@misc{Goring-Morris 1987 Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Rudd S. 1984. Excavations at Lekkerwater Ruins Tsindi Hill Theydon Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 39 pp.83-105.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"sampson1970sic","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"bollong1993ddi","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hoffecker et al. 1996: 354","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bollong CA Vogel JC Jacobson L Van der Westhuizen WA and Sampson CG 1993. Direct dating and identity of fiber temper in pre-contact Bushman (Masarwa) pottery. Journal of Archaeological Science 20: 41-55.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris 1987 Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Rudd S. 1984. Excavations at Lekkerwater Ruins Tsindi Hill Theydon Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 39 pp.83-105.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: sampson1970sic
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: bollong1993ddi
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Hoffecker et al. 1996: 354'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bollong CA Vogel JC Jacobson L Van der Westhuizen WA and Sampson CG
  1993. Direct dating and identity of fiber temper in pre-contact Bushman (Masarwa)
  pottery. Journal of Archaeological Science 20: 41-55.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goring-Morris 1987 Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Rudd S. 1984. Excavations at Lekkerwater Ruins Tsindi Hill Theydon Zimbabwe.The
  South African Archaeological Bulletin 39 pp.83-105.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog