Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
032.326° S, 018.322° E
Coordinates (DMS)
032° 19' 00" E, 018° 19' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (64)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
D-AMS-13538 OTHER Dasylirion texanum leaf AMS 4482±27 BP 5289–4985 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13539 CHARCOAL Acacia AMS 6465±31 BP 7427–7323 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13541 SEEDS Opuntia sp. prickly pear seed - charred AMS 2343±25 BP 2412–2330 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17952 OTHER Agave lechuguilla AMS 2157±33 BP 2304–2005 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17953 CHARCOAL Ziziphus AMS 3657±32 BP 4085–3895 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17954 SEEDS Prosopis AMS 508±22 BP 545–510 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17955 SEEDS Yucca torreyi carbonized seeds AMS 532±32 BP 626–510 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17956 SEEDS Yucca torreyi seed- uncarbonized AMS 736±26 BP 721–651 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17957 SEEDS Yucca torreyi seed- uncarbonized AMS 1120±28 BP 1065–957 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17958 SEEDS Juglans sp. Carbonized shell AMS 3575±38 BP 3979–3725 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-17959 OTHER cf. Yucca torreyi leaf AMS 3667±24 BP 4085–3910 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18135 CHARCOAL Vachellia rigidula AMS 9024±52 BP 10254–9959 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18136 CHARCOAL Senegalia berlandieri AMS 5058±33 BP 5904–5730 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18137 OTHER cf. Sporobolus dropseed grass stem AMS 3728±28 BP 4150–3985 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18138 SEEDS Opuntia sp. semicarbonized seed AMS 2038±22 BP 2045–1926 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18139 CHARCOAL Acacia AMS 4450±41 BP 5287–4881 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18140 CHARCOAL Mahonia trifoliata AMS 5808±41 BP 6729–6495 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18141 CHARCOAL Prosopis glandulosa AMS 9305±49 BP 10652–10299 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18142 CHARCOAL Diospyros AMS 4468±27 BP 5285–4976 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-18143 OTHER Celtis ehrenbergiana spiny hackberry leaves - uncarbonized AMS 9121±33 BP 10374–10220 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (1)

Classification Estimated age References
NA jerardino1996csl

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{jerardino1996csl,
  
}
@misc{ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time,
  
}
@misc{Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files,
  
}
@misc{Rutherford et al. 1984; Wilmeth 1978a; Allaire 1979; Coupland 1988,
  
}
@misc{Wilmeth 1978; Kigoshi et al. 1973; McNeely 1989; Millar 1968,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Faunmap 57; R. McNeely p.c. 1998,
  
}
@misc{McNeely and Jorgensen 1992,
  
}
@misc{Graham 1987; Faunmap 161; Pearson et al. 1965: 301,
  
}
@misc{Graham 1987; Faunmap 161,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"jerardino1996csl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Rutherford et al. 1984; Wilmeth 1978a; Allaire 1979; Coupland 1988","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wilmeth 1978; Kigoshi et al. 1973; McNeely 1989; Millar 1968","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Faunmap 57; R. McNeely p.c. 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"McNeely and Jorgensen 1992","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Graham 1987; Faunmap 161; Pearson et al. 1965: 301","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Graham 1987; Faunmap 161","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: jerardino1996csl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Rutherford et al. 1984; Wilmeth 1978a; Allaire 1979; Coupland 1988
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wilmeth 1978; Kigoshi et al. 1973; McNeely 1989; Millar 1968
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
  of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
  Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Faunmap 57; R. McNeely p.c. 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: McNeely and Jorgensen 1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Graham 1987; Faunmap 161; Pearson et al. 1965: 301'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Graham 1987; Faunmap 161
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog