Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
032.326° S, 018.322° E
Coordinates (DMS)
032° 19' 00" E, 018° 19' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (64)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-445875 WOOD Prosopis AMS 8270±30 BP 9406–9132 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
Beta-445876 OTHER decomposed fiber and sediment AMS 11200±40 BP 13165–13089 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
Beta-516053 FECES Sheep Dung AMS 10500±40 BP 12668–12200 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-10247 CHARCOAL Dasylirion texanum AMS 737±29 BP 724–651 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-10248 CHARCOAL Yucca AMS 604±32 BP 650–543 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-10257 SEEDS Yucca sp. carbonized AMS 572±27 BP 635–529 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-10258 SEEDS Yucca AMS 584±25 BP 644–540 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-10259 CHARCOAL Quercus sect. Quercus AMS 558±21 BP 625–529 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-10260 CHARCOAL carbonized wood bark AMS 2152±27 BP 2300–2006 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-10261 CHARCOAL Diospyros texana AMS 4724±40 BP 5580–5323 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-11113 SEEDS Yucca sp. carbonized seeds AMS 802±22 BP 731–680 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-11121 CHARCOAL Asparagaceae AMS 1963±31 BP 1988–1825 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-11122 CHARCOAL Diospyros texana AMS 5047±29 BP 5899–5725 cal BP Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13530 OTHER Agave lechuguilla AMS 6043±31 BP 6955–6794 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13532 CHARCOAL Diospyros texana AMS 5762±30 BP 6645–6490 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13533 CHARCOAL NA AMS 2230±24 BP 2330–2152 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13534 CHARCOAL Acacia AMS 2226±24 BP 2325–2152 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13536 SEEDS Opuntia sp. carbonized seed AMS 2272±23 BP 2345–2160 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13537 CHARCOAL Prosopis AMS 2902±27 BP 3147–2959 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022
D-AMS-13538 OTHER Dasylirion texanum leaf AMS 4482±27 BP 5289–4985 cal BP ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (1)

Classification Estimated age References
NA jerardino1996csl

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{jerardino1996csl,
  
}
@misc{ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time,
  
}
@misc{Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files,
  
}
@misc{Rutherford et al. 1984; Wilmeth 1978a; Allaire 1979; Coupland 1988,
  
}
@misc{Wilmeth 1978; Kigoshi et al. 1973; McNeely 1989; Millar 1968,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Faunmap 57; R. McNeely p.c. 1998,
  
}
@misc{McNeely and Jorgensen 1992,
  
}
@misc{Graham 1987; Faunmap 161; Pearson et al. 1965: 301,
  
}
@misc{Graham 1987; Faunmap 161,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"jerardino1996csl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Rutherford et al. 1984; Wilmeth 1978a; Allaire 1979; Coupland 1988","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wilmeth 1978; Kigoshi et al. 1973; McNeely 1989; Millar 1968","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Faunmap 57; R. McNeely p.c. 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"McNeely and Jorgensen 1992","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Graham 1987; Faunmap 161; Pearson et al. 1965: 301","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Graham 1987; Faunmap 161","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: jerardino1996csl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ASWT-CAR files; McCuistion 2019-Camel of Time
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Nielsen 2017; ASWT-CAR files
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Rutherford et al. 1984; Wilmeth 1978a; Allaire 1979; Coupland 1988
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wilmeth 1978; Kigoshi et al. 1973; McNeely 1989; Millar 1968
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
  of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
  Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Faunmap 57; R. McNeely p.c. 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: McNeely and Jorgensen 1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Graham 1987; Faunmap 161; Pearson et al. 1965: 301'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Graham 1987; Faunmap 161
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog