Castle Cavern – XRONOS

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 026.195° S, 031.042° E
Coordinates (DMS): 026° 11' 00" E, 031° 02' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166 ): Eswatini (SZ)

Lab ID	Context	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	References
GrN-5022	90-120 cm	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	1535±30 BP	vogel1970grd
GrN-5315	120-132 cm	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	1550±30 BP	vogel1970grd
Y-1712	60-90 cm	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	1550±60 BP	stuiver1969nrm
Y-1995	30-60 cm	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	1430±100 BP	stuiver1969nrm
GrN-5022		charcoal	NA	NA	1535±30 BP	Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-5315		charcoal	NA	NA	1550±30 BP	Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471. Bird et al. 2022
Y-1712		charcoal	NA	NA	1550±60 BP	Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2) pp.545-658. Bird et al. 2022
Y-1995		charcoal	NA	NA	1430±100 BP	Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118. Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References
Iron Age	NA	vogel1970grd
Early Iron Age	NA	NA
Iron Age	NA	vogel1970grd
Early Iron Age	NA	NA
Iron Age	NA	stuiver1969nrm
Early Iron Age	NA	NA
Iron Age	NA	stuiver1969nrm
Early Iron Age	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [vogel1970grd]
No bibliographic information available. [stuiver1969nrm]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.]
No bibliographic information available. [Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2) pp.545-658.]
No bibliographic information available. [Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118.]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{vogel1970grd,
  
}
@misc{stuiver1969nrm,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.,
  
}
@misc{Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2) pp.545-658.,
  
}
@misc{Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

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---
:bibtex_key: vogel1970grd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: stuiver1969nrm
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuiver M. 1969. Yale natural radiocarbon measurements IX.Radiocarbon11(2)
  pp.545-658.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Barham L.S. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from Nyonyane Shelter Swaziland.The
  South African Archaeological Bulletin 44: 117-118.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Radiocarbon dates (8)

Typological dates (8)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR