Blydefontein
Archaeological site
in South Africa
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
- Coordinates (degrees)
- 031.133° S, 025.050° E
- Coordinates (DMS)
- 031° 07' 00" E, 025° 03' 00" S
- Country (ISO 3166)
- South Africa (ZA)
Linked Data
There is no linked data available for this record.
Radiocarbon dates
(50)
| Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMU-1902 | HG/CAU2 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 844±119 BP | 972–555 cal BP | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| SMU-1925 | HG/CAU2 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1255±109 BP | 1347–956 cal BP | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| SR-132 | Level 3 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1980±120 BP | 2304–1612 cal BP | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| SR-142 | Level 6 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 3090±100 BP | 3488–2996 cal BP | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| SR-152 | Level 8 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 3650±120 BP | 4400–3640 cal BP | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| D-AMS-1227 | bone | NA | NA | 556±24 BP | 627–526 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| D-AMS-1228 | bone | NA | NA | 1238±28 BP | 1269–1070 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| D-AMS-1229 | bone | NA | NA | 819±30 BP | 775–677 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| D-AMS-1230 | bone | NA | NA | 758±29 BP | 725–666 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| D-AMS-1231 | bone | NA | NA | 2728±32 BP | 2871–2760 cal BP | Ollivier et al 2017 Bird et al. 2022 | |
| GrA-15192 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1810±50 BP | 1828–1586 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| GrA-15193 | plant remains | NA | NA | 785±50 BP | 786–655 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| GrA-15194 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1025±50 BP | 1057–792 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| GrA-15195 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1505±50 BP | 1516–1304 cal BP | Kiel DB 2013 Bird et al. 2022 | |
| OxA-27365 | bone | NA | NA | 2791±25 BP | 2958–2796 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| OxA-27366 | bone | NA | NA | 1097±24 BP | 1059–955 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| OxA-7876 | sediments | NA | NA | 9400±100 BP | 11074–10294 cal BP | Proc. Bristol Univ. Spelaeol. Soc. Vol. 7 1955 61 - 75 Campbell J. B. Mendip Hills in Prehistoric time and Roman Times Bristol 1970 p. 11. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253. Bird et al. 2022 | |
| OxA-8530 | sediments | NA | NA | 11850±150 BP | 14060–13441 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
| SMU-1823 | charcoal | NA | NA | 8541±417 BP | 10575–8480 cal BP | Marks (ed.) 1983 Bird et al. 2022 | |
| SMU-1849 | charcoal | NA | NA | 3135±33 BP | 3447–3250 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 |
Typological dates
(50)
| Classification | Estimated age | References |
|---|---|---|
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| Wilton | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| Wilton | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| Wilton | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed |
| Wilton | NA | NA |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed]
- No bibliographic information available. [bronkramsey2002rdo]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Ollivier et al 2017]
- No bibliographic information available. [Kiel DB 2013]
- No bibliographic information available. [Proc. Bristol Univ. Spelaeol. Soc. Vol. 7 1955 61 - 75 Campbell J. B. Mendip Hills in Prehistoric time and Roman Times Bristol 1970 p. 11. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Marks (ed.) 1983]
- No bibliographic information available. [Miller Jornada Database]
- No bibliographic information available. [East Texas 14C Database; Fields et al. 1997]
- No bibliographic information available. [Maslowski et al. 1995]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results. National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed,
}
@misc{bronkramsey2002rdo,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Ollivier et al 2017,
}
@misc{Kiel DB 2013,
}
@misc{Proc. Bristol Univ. Spelaeol. Soc. Vol. 7 1955 61 - 75 Campbell J. B. Mendip Hills in Prehistoric time and Roman Times Bristol 1970 p. 11. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.,
}
@misc{Marks (ed.) 1983,
}
@misc{Miller Jornada Database,
}
@misc{East Texas 14C Database; Fields et al. 1997,
}
@misc{Maslowski et al. 1995,
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results. National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"bronkramsey2002rdo","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ollivier et al 2017","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Proc. Bristol Univ. Spelaeol. Soc. Vol. 7 1955 61 - 75 Campbell J. B. Mendip Hills in Prehistoric time and Roman Times Bristol 1970 p. 11. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Marks (ed.) 1983","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Miller Jornada Database","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"East Texas 14C Database; Fields et al. 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maslowski et al. 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results. National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]---
:bibtex_key: bousman2005cls; bousman2016qed
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: bronkramsey2002rdo
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ollivier et al 2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Proc. Bristol Univ. Spelaeol. Soc. Vol. 7 1955 61 - 75 Campbell J. B.
Mendip Hills in Prehistoric time and Roman Times Bristol 1970 p. 11. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica
et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Marks (ed.) 1983
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Miller Jornada Database
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: East Texas 14C Database; Fields et al. 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maslowski et al. 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sampson C.G. 1970. Smithfield Industrial Complex: further field results.
National Museum Memoir 5. Bloemfontein: National Museum.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"