Site type

Location

200 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
028.434° S, 020.553° E
Coordinates (DMS)
028° 26' 00" E, 020° 33' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (12)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-4764 Excavation IISurface eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 2050±50 BP 2142–1842 cal BP beaumont1995bea
Pta-4772 Excavation IISurface eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 1390±70 BP 1409–1130 cal BP beaumont1995bea
Pta-5578 Excavation ISurface charcoal NA conventional 14C 1550±50 BP 1534–1345 cal BP beaumont1995bea
Pta-9505 Excavation ISpit 2 charcoal NA conventional 14C 310±50 BP 483–160 cal BP parsons2008lsa
Pta-9506 Excavation ISpit 4 charcoal NA conventional 14C 930±40 BP 920–740 cal BP parsons2008lsa
Pta-9569 Excavation ISpit 10 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1580±40 BP 1535–1380 cal BP parsons2008lsa
Pta-4764 eggshell NA NA 2050±50 BP 2142–1842 cal BP Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4772 eggshell NA NA 1390±70 BP 1409–1130 cal BP Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-5578 charcoal NA NA 1550±50 BP 1534–1345 cal BP Pienaar M. Woodborne S. and Wadley L. 2008. Optically stimulated luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: research letter.South African Journal of Science104(1-2) pp.65-70. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-9505 charcoal NA NA 310±50 BP 483–160 cal BP Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-9506 charcoal NA NA 930±40 BP 920–740 cal BP Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-9569 charcoal NA NA 1580±40 BP 1535–1380 cal BP Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (12)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA beaumont1995bea
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA beaumont1995bea
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA beaumont1995bea
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA parsons2008lsa
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA parsons2008lsa
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA parsons2008lsa
Ceramic LSA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{beaumont1995bea,
  
}
@misc{parsons2008lsa,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.,
  
}
@misc{Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213.,
  
}
@misc{Pienaar M. Woodborne S. and Wadley L. 2008. Optically stimulated luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: research letter.South African Journal of Science104(1-2) pp.65-70.,
  
}
@misc{Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"beaumont1995bea","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"parsons2008lsa","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pienaar M. Woodborne S. and Wadley L. 2008. Optically stimulated luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: research letter.South African Journal of Science104(1-2) pp.65-70.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: beaumont1995bea
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: parsons2008lsa
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology
  of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River
  Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell
  L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning
  of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33)
  pp.13208-13213.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Pienaar M. Woodborne S. and Wadley L. 2008. Optically stimulated luminescence
  dating at Rose Cottage Cave: research letter.South African Journal of Science104(1-2)
  pp.65-70.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior
  Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1)
  pp.157-175.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog