Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
029.999° S, 029.058° E
Coordinates (DMS)
029° 59' 00" E, 029° 03' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (14)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-291 Layer 2 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1590±60 BP carter1974dia
Pta-292 Layer 3 Spit 4 charcoal NA conventional 14C 2330±60 BP carter1974dia
Pta-293 Layer 5 Spit 17 charcoal NA conventional 14C 3280±60 BP carter1974dia
Pta-309 Layer 3 Spit 7 charcoal NA conventional 14C 2610±50 BP carter1974dia
Pta-359 Layer 5, Spit 17 charcoal NA conventional 14C 7670±50 BP carter1974dia
Pta-448 Layer X charcoal NA conventional 14C 820±35 BP carter1974dia
Pta-449 Layer 1 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1030±50 BP carter1974dia
Pta-291 charcoal NA NA 1590±60 BP Banadora Bird et al. 2022
Pta-292 charcoal NA NA 2330±60 BP Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-293 charcoal NA NA 3280±60 BP Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-309 charcoal NA NA 2610±50 BP Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-359 charcoal NA NA 7670±50 BP Beaumont P.B. and Morris D. 1990. Guide to archaeological sites in the northern Cape. In: Southern African Association of Archaeology post-conference excursion September 1990. McGregor Museum Kimberley Bird et al. 2022
Pta-448 charcoal NA NA 820±35 BP Morris D. 1990. West of the Langeberg: Witsands and Nokaneng. In: Beaumont P. & Morris D. (eds) Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape. Kimberley: McGregor Museum. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-449 charcoal NA NA 1030±50 BP Morris D. 1990. West of the Langeberg: Witsands and Nokaneng. In: Beaumont P. & Morris D. (eds) Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape. Kimberley: McGregor Museum. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (14)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA carter1974dia
NA NA
LSA NA carter1974dia
NA NA
LSA NA carter1974dia
NA NA
LSA NA carter1974dia
NA NA
LSA NA carter1974dia
NA NA
LSA NA carter1974dia
NA NA
LSA NA carter1974dia
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{carter1974dia,
  
}
@misc{Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357.,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont P.B. and Morris D. 1990. Guide to archaeological sites in the northern Cape. In: Southern African Association of Archaeology post-conference excursion September 1990. McGregor Museum Kimberley,
  
}
@misc{Morris D. 1990. West of the Langeberg: Witsands and Nokaneng. In: Beaumont P. & Morris D. (eds) Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape. Kimberley: McGregor Museum.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"carter1974dia","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont P.B. and Morris D. 1990. Guide to archaeological sites in the northern Cape. In: Southern African Association of Archaeology post-conference excursion September 1990. McGregor Museum Kimberley","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Morris D. 1990. West of the Langeberg: Witsands and Nokaneng. In: Beaumont P. & Morris D. (eds) Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape. Kimberley: McGregor Museum.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: carter1974dia
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The
  Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1)
  pp.157-175.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont P.B. and Morris D. 1990. Guide to archaeological sites in the
  northern Cape. In: Southern African Association of Archaeology post-conference excursion
  September 1990. McGregor Museum Kimberley'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Morris D. 1990. West of the Langeberg: Witsands and Nokaneng. In: Beaumont
  P. & Morris D. (eds) Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape. Kimberley:
  McGregor Museum.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog