Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
022.265° S, 029.188° E
Coordinates (DMS)
022° 15' 00" E, 029° 11' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (14)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-7972 SF charcoal NA conventional 14C 240±15 BP 307–155 cal BP vandoornum2008sch
Pta-7972 charcoal NA NA 240±15 BP 307–155 cal BP Van Doornum B. 2014. Balerno Shelter 3: a Later Stone Age site in the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities26(1) pp.129-155. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8591 ABR eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 7350±80 BP 8342–8015 cal BP vandoornum2008sch
Pta-8591 eggshell NA NA 7350±80 BP 8342–8015 cal BP Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities20(2) pp.249-284. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8603 BRA 55-60 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1340±40 BP 1309–1176 cal BP vandoornum2008sch
Pta-8603 charcoal NA NA 1340±40 BP 1309–1176 cal BP Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities20(2) pp.249-284. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8604 DC/BRA charcoal NA conventional 14C 325±15 BP 450–311 cal BP vandoornum2008sch
Pta-8604 charcoal NA NA 325±15 BP 450–311 cal BP Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities20(2) pp.249-284. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8609 DBG charcoal NA conventional 14C 2180±45 BP 2325–2009 cal BP vandoornum2008sch
Pta-8609 charcoal NA NA 2180±45 BP 2325–2009 cal BP Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities20(2) pp.249-284. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8614 BRA 45-50 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1100±60 BP 1178–915 cal BP vandoornum2008sch
Pta-8614 charcoal NA NA 1100±60 BP 1178–915 cal BP Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities20(2) pp.249-284. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8639 DAF eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 11040±90 BP 13098–12769 cal BP vandoornum2008sch
Pta-8639 eggshell NA NA 11040±90 BP 13098–12769 cal BP Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (14)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA vandoornum2008sch
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA vandoornum2008sch
NA NA
LSA NA vandoornum2008sch
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA vandoornum2008sch
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA vandoornum2008sch
Final LSA NA NA
LSA NA vandoornum2008sch
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA vandoornum2008sch
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{vandoornum2008sch,
  
}
@misc{Van Doornum B. 2014. Balerno Shelter 3: a Later Stone Age site in the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities26(1) pp.129-155.,
  
}
@misc{Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities20(2) pp.249-284.,
  
}
@misc{Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"vandoornum2008sch","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Doornum B. 2014. Balerno Shelter 3: a Later Stone Age site in the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities26(1) pp.129-155.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities20(2) pp.249-284.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: vandoornum2008sch
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Van Doornum B. 2014. Balerno Shelter 3: a Later Stone Age site in the
  Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African Humanities26(1) pp.129-155.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Van Doornum B. 2008. Sheltered from change: hunter-gatherer occupation
  of Balerno Main Shelter Shashe-Limpopo confluence area South Africa.Southern African
  Humanities20(2) pp.249-284.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence
  area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog