Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
028.533° S, 020.233° E
Coordinates (DMS)
028° 31' 00" E, 020° 13' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (6)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-2901 Human burial NMB 1372 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 210±40 BP morris1991nas
Pta-2908 Human burial NMB 1427 bone Homo sapiens conventional 14C 180±70 BP morris1991nas
Pta-3847 charcoal NA conventional 14C 760±40 BP smith1986ccc; morris1991nas
Pta-2901 bone NA NA 210±40 BP Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg Bird et al. 2022
Pta-2908 bone NA NA 180±70 BP Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3847 charcoal NA NA 760±40 BP Mazel A.D. 1986. Mbabane Shelter and eSinhlonhlweni Shelter: the last two thousand years of hunter-gatherer settlement in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.389-453. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (6)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA morris1991nas
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA morris1991nas
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA smith1986ccc; morris1991nas
Ceramic LSA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{morris1991nas,
  
}
@misc{smith1986ccc; morris1991nas,
  
}
@misc{Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg,
  
}
@misc{Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357.,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1986. Mbabane Shelter and eSinhlonhlweni Shelter: the last two thousand years of hunter-gatherer settlement in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.389-453.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"morris1991nas","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"smith1986ccc; morris1991nas","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1986. Mbabane Shelter and eSinhlonhlweni Shelter: the last two thousand years of hunter-gatherer settlement in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.389-453.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: morris1991nas
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: smith1986ccc; morris1991nas
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric
  burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University
  Press: Johannesburg'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Inskeep R.R. 1987. Nelson Bay Cave. Cape Province South Africa: The
  Holocene Levels. British Archaeological Reports International Series 357.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1986. Mbabane Shelter and eSinhlonhlweni Shelter: the last
  two thousand years of hunter-gatherer settlement in the central Thukela Basin Natal
  South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.389-453.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog