Apollo 11 Cave

Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 027.750° S, 017.100° E
Coordinates (DMS): 027° 45' 00" E, 017° 06' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166): Namibia (NA)

Lab ID	Context	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	Calibrated age	References
KIA-35914	Z8a/+15	charcoal	NA	AMS	13010±70 BP	15762–15340 cal BP	vogelsang2010ems
KIA-35915	Z8a/+10	charcoal	NA	AMS	12900±50 BP	15575–15276 cal BP	vogelsang2010ems
KIA-35916	Z8/+-0	charcoal	NA	AMS	14230±55 BP	17400–17110 cal BP	vogelsang2010ems
KIA-35917	Z8/-10	charcoal	NA	AMS	24150±150 BP	28675–27914 cal BP	vogelsang2010ems
KN-2115	E (lower)	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	32700±860 BP	39390–35463 cal BP	freundlich1980rm
KN-4042		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	18650±170 BP	22943–22305 cal BP	vogelsang2010ems
KN-4067		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	17380±160 BP	21406–20560 cal BP	vogelsang2010ems
KN-4068		charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	25600±800 BP	31165–28193 cal BP	vogelsang2010ems
KN-I 2056	E (upper)	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	28400±450 BP	33845–31537 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I 2057	D (base)	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	18660±210 BP	22984–22220 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I 612	Layer D	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	13690±120 BP	16968–16240 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I 613	Layer D	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	14550±60 BP	17980–17479 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I 614	Layer D	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	13030±100 BP	15875–15293 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I 811	Layer D	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	13470±125 BP	16598–15850 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I 812	D (base)	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	19760±175 BP	24184–23295 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I 813	E (upper)	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	26700±650 BP	32002–29350 cal BP	wendt1976mas
KN-I-608	Layer A:B8/+55	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	490±45 BP	625–475 cal BP	freundlich1980rm
KN-I-609	Layer C	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	6200±65 BP	7257–6945 cal BP	freundlich1980rm
KN-I-610	Layer C		NA	conventional 14C	9430±90 BP	11090–10411 cal BP	freundlich1980rm
KN-I-611	Layer C	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	10420±80 BP	12616–11970 cal BP	freundlich1980rm

Classification	Estimated age	References
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
	NA	NA
Ceramic LSA	NA	NA
Ceramic LSA	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [vogelsang2010ems]
No bibliographic information available. [freundlich1980rm]
No bibliographic information available. [wendt1976mas]
No bibliographic information available. [vogel1981prd]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.]
No bibliographic information available. [Kiel DB 2470]
No bibliographic information available. [Bradtmöller 2007]
No bibliographic information available. [Stäuble 1994]
No bibliographic information available. [Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.]
No bibliographic information available. [Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.]
No bibliographic information available. [Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994]
No bibliographic information available. [László 1997 265]
No bibliographic information available. [Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.]
No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{vogelsang2010ems,
  
}
@misc{freundlich1980rm,
  
}
@misc{wendt1976mas,
  
}
@misc{vogel1981prd,
  
}
@misc{Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 2470,
  
}
@misc{Bradtmöller 2007,
  
}
@misc{Stäuble 1994,
  
}
@misc{Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.,
  
}
@misc{Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.,
  
}
@misc{Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994,
  
}
@misc{László 1997 265,
  
}
@misc{Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"vogelsang2010ems","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"freundlich1980rm","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wendt1976mas","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1981prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 2470","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bradtmöller 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stäuble 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"László 1997 265","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: vogelsang2010ems
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: freundlich1980rm
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wendt1976mas
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1981prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts
  R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter
  Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African
  Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 2470
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bradtmöller 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stäuble 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wendt W.E. 1976. ''Art Mobilier''from the Apollo 11 Cave South West
  Africa: Africa''s Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin
  pp.5-11.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: László 1997 265
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements
  II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon
  13: 378-394'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Linked Data

Radiocarbon dates (68)

Typological dates (68)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR