Apollo 11 Cave

Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 027.750° S, 017.100° E
Coordinates (DMS): 027° 45' 00" E, 017° 06' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166): Namibia (NA)

Lab ID	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	Calibrated age	References
KN-4067	charcoal	NA	NA	17380±160 BP	21406–20560 cal BP	Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218. Bird et al. 2022
KN-4068	charcoal	NA	NA	25600±800 BP	31165–28193 cal BP	Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 2056	charcoal	NA	NA	28400±450 BP	33845–31537 cal BP	Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 2057	charcoal	NA	NA	18660±210 BP	22984–22220 cal BP	Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994 Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 612	charcoal	NA	NA	13690±120 BP	16968–16240 cal BP	Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 613	charcoal	NA	NA	14550±60 BP	17980–17479 cal BP	Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 614	charcoal	NA	NA	13030±100 BP	15875–15293 cal BP	Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 811	charcoal	NA	NA	13470±125 BP	16598–15850 cal BP	Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 812	charcoal	NA	NA	19760±175 BP	24184–23295 cal BP	Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I 813	charcoal	NA	NA	26700±650 BP	32002–29350 cal BP	László 1997 265 Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-608	charcoal	NA	NA	490±45 BP	625–475 cal BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-609	charcoal	NA	NA	6200±65 BP	7257–6945 cal BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-610		NA	NA	9430±90 BP	11090–10411 cal BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-611	charcoal	NA	NA	10420±80 BP	12616–11970 cal BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-846	plant remains	NA	NA	1460±55 BP	1511–1285 cal BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-867	charcoal	NA	NA	7200±75 BP	8178–7867 cal BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-869	charcoal	NA	NA	33370±550 BP	39475–36702 cal BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-870	plant remains	NA	NA	1670±55 BP	1700–1410 cal BP	SARD Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1009	charcoal	NA	NA	320±40 BP	475–301 cal BP	Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1010	charcoal	NA	NA	13050±120 BP	15970–15282 cal BP	Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References
LSA	NA	wendt1976mas
ELSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	wendt1976mas
Final MSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	freundlich1980rm
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	vogel1981prd
Ceramic LSA	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [vogelsang2010ems]
No bibliographic information available. [freundlich1980rm]
No bibliographic information available. [wendt1976mas]
No bibliographic information available. [vogel1981prd]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.]
No bibliographic information available. [Kiel DB 2470]
No bibliographic information available. [Bradtmöller 2007]
No bibliographic information available. [Stäuble 1994]
No bibliographic information available. [Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.]
No bibliographic information available. [Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.]
No bibliographic information available. [Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994]
No bibliographic information available. [László 1997 265]
No bibliographic information available. [Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.]
No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{vogelsang2010ems,
  
}
@misc{freundlich1980rm,
  
}
@misc{wendt1976mas,
  
}
@misc{vogel1981prd,
  
}
@misc{Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 2470,
  
}
@misc{Bradtmöller 2007,
  
}
@misc{Stäuble 1994,
  
}
@misc{Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.,
  
}
@misc{Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.,
  
}
@misc{Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994,
  
}
@misc{László 1997 265,
  
}
@misc{Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"vogelsang2010ems","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"freundlich1980rm","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wendt1976mas","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1981prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 2470","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bradtmöller 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stäuble 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"László 1997 265","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: vogelsang2010ems
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: freundlich1980rm
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wendt1976mas
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1981prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts
  R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter
  Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African
  Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 2470
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bradtmöller 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stäuble 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wendt W.E. 1976. ''Art Mobilier''from the Apollo 11 Cave South West
  Africa: Africa''s Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin
  pp.5-11.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: László 1997 265
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements
  II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon
  13: 378-394'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Linked Data

Radiocarbon dates (68)

Typological dates (68)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR