Apollo 11 Cave

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 027.750° S, 017.100° E
Coordinates (DMS): 027° 45' 00" E, 017° 06' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166 ): Namibia (NA)

Lab ID	Context	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	References
Pta-1009	Layer A:B3/-12	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	320±40 BP	vogelsang2010ems
Pta-1009		charcoal	NA	NA	320±40 BP	Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394 Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-608	Layer A:B8/+55	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	490±45 BP	freundlich1980rm
KN-I-608		charcoal	NA	NA	490±45 BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-846		plant remains	NA	NA	1460±55 BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-846	Layer B:B8-9/+50	plant remains	NA	conventional 14C	1460±55 BP	freundlich1980rm
KN-I-870		plant remains	NA	NA	1670±55 BP	SARD Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-870	Layer B:A8/+45	plant remains	NA	conventional 14C	1670±55 BP	freundlich1980rm
Pta-1918	Layer B:A8X/+35	plant remains	NA	conventional 14C	1960±45 BP	vogel1981prd
Pta-1918		plant remains	NA	NA	1960±45 BP	Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-609		charcoal	NA	NA	6200±65 BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-609	Layer C	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	6200±65 BP	freundlich1980rm
Pta-1019	Layer C:B9	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	6480±80 BP	vogel1981prd
Pta-1019		charcoal	NA	NA	6480±80 BP	Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-867		charcoal	NA	NA	7200±75 BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-867	Layer C	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	7200±75 BP	freundlich1980rm
Pta-1020	Layer C	charcoal	NA	conventional 14C	7280±80 BP	vogel1981prd
Pta-1020		charcoal	NA	NA	7280±80 BP	Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-610			NA	NA	9430±90 BP	Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81. Bird et al. 2022
KN-I-610	Layer C		NA	conventional 14C	9430±90 BP	freundlich1980rm

Classification	Estimated age	References
LSA	NA	vogelsang2010ems
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	vogelsang2010ems
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	vogelsang2010ems
	NA	NA
MSA	NA	vogelsang2010ems
Final MSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	freundlich1980rm
	NA	NA
LSA	NA	vogelsang2010ems
ELSA	NA	NA
LSA	NA	vogelsang2010ems
ELSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	vogelsang2010ems
Final MSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	wendt1976mas
Final MSA	NA	NA
LSA	NA	wendt1976mas
ELSA	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [vogelsang2010ems]
No bibliographic information available. [freundlich1980rm]
No bibliographic information available. [wendt1976mas]
No bibliographic information available. [vogel1981prd]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.]
No bibliographic information available. [Kiel DB 2470]
No bibliographic information available. [Bradtmöller 2007]
No bibliographic information available. [Stäuble 1994]
No bibliographic information available. [Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.]
No bibliographic information available. [Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.]
No bibliographic information available. [Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994]
No bibliographic information available. [László 1997 265]
No bibliographic information available. [Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.]
No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{vogelsang2010ems,
  
}
@misc{freundlich1980rm,
  
}
@misc{wendt1976mas,
  
}
@misc{vogel1981prd,
  
}
@misc{Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 2470,
  
}
@misc{Bradtmöller 2007,
  
}
@misc{Stäuble 1994,
  
}
@misc{Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.,
  
}
@misc{Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.,
  
}
@misc{Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994,
  
}
@misc{László 1997 265,
  
}
@misc{Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"vogelsang2010ems","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"freundlich1980rm","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wendt1976mas","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1981prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 2470","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bradtmöller 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stäuble 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"László 1997 265","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: vogelsang2010ems
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: freundlich1980rm
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wendt1976mas
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1981prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogelsang R. Richter J. Jacobs Z. Eichhorn B. Linseele V. and Roberts
  R.G. 2010. New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter
  Namibia: stratigraphy archaeology chronology and past environments.Journal of African
  Archaeology8(2) pp.185-218.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 2470
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bradtmöller 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stäuble 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Quitta & Kohl 1969: 234f.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wendt W.E. 1976. ''Art Mobilier''from the Apollo 11 Cave South West
  Africa: Africa''s Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin
  pp.5-11.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gopher 1985 Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: László 1997 265
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Freundlich JC Schwabedissen H and Wendt WE. 1980. Köln radiocarbon measurements
  II.Radiocarbon22(01) pp.68-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon
  13: 378-394'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Radiocarbon dates (68)

Typological dates (68)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR