Site types
Settlement and

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
035.820° N, 036.466° E
Coordinates (DMS)
035° 49' 00" E, 036° 27' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Syrian Arab Republic (SY)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (38)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GrA-22266 NA NA 8230±45 BP 9400–9026 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
GrA-22275 NA NA 8380±50 BP 9523–9283 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
GrA-22276 MPPNB;Square D6, Layer 9 AK 01 D6b-44; Layer 9; Square D6, Layer 9 AK 01 D6b-44 charcoal NA NA 9240±50 BP 10560–10251 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
GrA-22277 MPPNB;Square D6, Layer 9 AK 01 D6b-45; Layer 9; Square D6, Layer 9 AK 01 D6b-45 charcoal NA NA 9350±90 BP 11057–10252 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-12086 MPPNB;Square D6, Layer 8, AK 02 D6b-31; Layer 8 (/6/7?); Square D6, Layer 8, AK 02 D6b-31 charcoal NA NA 9205±60 BP 10510–10239 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-12087 AK 01 E 310 -ST 167 wood NA NA 7830±50 BP 8852–8455 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2554 Layer 5?; AK 01 D6B-3-couche 5 charcoal NA NA 8235±40 BP 9400–9029 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2555 Layer 7; Square D6, Layer 7, AK 02 D6b-18 charcoal NA NA 9250±40 BP 10560–10275 cal BP Asouti and Fuller 2013; Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2556 Layer 7; Square D6, Layer 7, AK 02 D6b-29 charcoal NA NA 9165±40 BP 10485–10237 cal BP Asouti and Fuller 2013; Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
Lyon-2860 AK 02 D6B-22 organic material NA NA 9185±55 BP 10496–10239 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
NUTA2-2023 layer 6; E310, str.167, ground floor ceiling timber charcoal Pinus NA 7670±45 BP 8542–8390 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
NUTA2-2024 layer 6; E310, str.167, ground floor ceiling timber charcoal Pinus NA 7730±80 BP 8695–8373 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
NUTA2-2089 layer 4; E270-290 charcoal NA NA 7420±45 BP 8361–8171 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
NUTA2-2104 layer 3; E271, str.240 grain (charred) Poaceae NA 7230±40 BP 8170–7965 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
NUTA2-2105 layer 2b; E271, str.211 charcoal NA NA 6950±50 BP 7923–7680 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
NUTA2-2106 Square D6, 4 (NW a.) charcoal NA NA 8660±100 BP 10117–9476 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
NUTA2-2109 Square D6, 4 (NW a.) charcoal NA NA 8390±50 BP 9525–9291 cal BP CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2555 MPPNB;Square D6, Layer 7, AK 02 D6b-18 charcoal NA NA 9250±40 BP 10560–10275 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2556 MPPNB;Square D6, Layer 7, AK 02 D6b-29 charcoal NA NA 9165±40 BP 10485–10237 cal BP Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
GrA-22276 charcoal NA NA 9240±50 BP 10560–10251 cal BP Tsuneki 2006 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (0)

Classification Estimated age References

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Tsuneki et al. 2006,
  
}
@misc{Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006,
  
}
@misc{Asouti and Fuller 2013; Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006,
  
}
@misc{Tsuneki 2006,
  
}
@article{CapuzzoEtAl2014,
  title = {EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France},
  shorttitle = {EUBAR},
  author = {Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.},
  year = {2014},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Radiocarbon},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2},
  pages = {851–869},
  issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
  doi = {10.2458/56.17453},
  abstract = {The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.},
  langid = {english},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Tsuneki et al. 2006 PPND Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Flohretal2016,
  
}
@misc{Iwasaki and Tsuneki (eds.) 2003 Appendix 1,
  
}
@misc{Iwasaki and Tsuneki (eds.) 2003,
  
}
@misc{Tsuneki et al. 2000,
  
}
@misc{Yasuda et al.2004,
  
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Tsuneki et al. 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Asouti and Fuller 2013; Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Tsuneki 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CapuzzoEtAl2014","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France}","shorttitle":"{EUBAR}","author":"{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}","year":"{2014}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Radiocarbon}","volume":"{56}","number":"{2}","pages":"{851–869}","issn":"{0033-8222, 1945-5755}","doi":"{10.2458/56.17453}","abstract":"{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}","langid":"{english}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Tsuneki et al. 2006 PPND Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Flohretal2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Iwasaki and Tsuneki (eds.) 2003 Appendix 1","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Iwasaki and Tsuneki (eds.) 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Tsuneki et al. 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Yasuda et al.2004","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Tsuneki et al. 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Tsuneki et al. 2006; Benz 2014; CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal;Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Asouti and Fuller 2013; Flohr et al. 2016; Tsuneki et al. 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Tsuneki 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CapuzzoEtAl2014
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian
    Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern
    France}"
  :shorttitle: "{EUBAR}"
  :author: "{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}"
  :year: "{2014}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Radiocarbon}"
  :volume: "{56}"
  :number: "{2}"
  :pages: "{851–869}"
  :issn: "{0033-8222, 1945-5755}"
  :doi: "{10.2458/56.17453}"
  :abstract: "{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative
    chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different
    time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between
    different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach
    was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology.
    To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for
    the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle
    Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological
    information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled
    more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology,
    quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological
    context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis,
    several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and
    different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: Tsuneki et al. 2006 PPND Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Flohretal2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Iwasaki and Tsuneki (eds.) 2003 Appendix 1
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Iwasaki and Tsuneki (eds.) 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Tsuneki et al. 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Yasuda et al.2004
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog