Site types
Open air shell midden and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
035.194° N, 007.765° E
Coordinates (DMS)
035° 11' 00" E, 007° 45' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Algeria (DZ)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (16)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
I-7690 J9x - 40-45 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 7280±115 BP 8347–7870 cal BP CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
I-7691 J9x - 125-135 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 9280±135 BP 11067–10190 cal BP CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
I-9781 K10w - 50-60 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 7725±120 BP 8981–8224 cal BP CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
I-9782 L9n - 48-55 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 7640±115 BP 8695–8180 cal BP CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
I-9783 M8e/n - 90-100 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 7990±125 BP 9267–8540 cal BP CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
I-9784 L11n - 95-105 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 8125±125 BP 9415–8646 cal BP CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
I-9785 M10s - 130-140 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 9430±150 BP 11160–10294 cal BP CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
I-9786 K9x - 140-145 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 9615±155 BP 11315–10502 cal BP CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
I-9824 K12x - 145-150 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 9805±160 BP 11805–10720 cal BP CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
I-9826 K8x - 140-150 cm (from Burial) shell (terrestrial) NA NA 9130±150 BP 10700–9781 cal BP CalPal, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
I-8378 J9x - 80-90 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 8835±140 BP 10205–9549 cal BP PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
I-9825 K10n - 150-155 cm shell (terrestrial) NA NA 9590±155 BP 11270–10436 cal BP CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Pta-MC1255 H-1 human collagen NA NA 5000±200 BP 6265–5316 cal BP Reese.2016MarShellsKZAM, LubellFeathers.2009Post
TO-12194 H-1 human collagen NA NA 4890±80 BP 5892–5465 cal BP Reese.2016MarShellsKZAM, JackesLubell.2015Capsian, LubellFeathers.2009Post
I-8378 NA shell (terrestrial) NA NA 8835±140 BP 10205–9549 cal BP Meltzer and Mead 1985; Buckley et al. 1968: 262; Kraft 1973 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-MC1255 NA human collagen NA NA 5000±200 BP 6265–5316 cal BP Ziolkowski M. S. Pazdur M. Krzanowski A. & Michczynski A. (1994). Andes radiocarbon database for Bolivia Ecuador and Peru. Varsovia-Gliwice Andean archaeological mission of the Institute of Archaeology/Warsaw University & Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Institute of Physics Silesian Technical University. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (12)

Classification Estimated age References
Upper Capsian NA CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Upper Capsian NA CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
Upper Capsian NA CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Upper Capsian NA CalPal, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
Typical Capsian, Upper Capsian NA CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco,
  
}
@misc{PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc,
  
}
@misc{Reese.2016MarShellsKZAM, LubellFeathers.2009Post,
  
}
@misc{Reese.2016MarShellsKZAM, JackesLubell.2015Capsian, LubellFeathers.2009Post,
  
}
@misc{Ziolkowski M. S. Pazdur M. Krzanowski A. & Michczynski A. (1994). Andes radiocarbon database for Bolivia Ecuador and Peru. Varsovia-Gliwice Andean archaeological mission of the Institute of Archaeology/Warsaw University & Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Institute of Physics Silesian Technical University.,
  
}
@misc{Meltzer and Mead 1985; Buckley et al. 1968: 262; Kraft 1973,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{MedAfriCarbon,
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/3689716},
  note = {Lucarini, Giulio, Wilkinson, Toby, Crema, Enrico R., Palombini, Augusto, Bevan, Andrew, & Broodbank, Cyprian. (2020). The MedAfriCarbon radiocarbon database and web application. Archaeological dynamics in Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600-700 BC [Data set]. In Journal of Open Archaeology Data (1.0.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689716}
}
{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Reese.2016MarShellsKZAM, LubellFeathers.2009Post","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Reese.2016MarShellsKZAM, JackesLubell.2015Capsian, LubellFeathers.2009Post","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ziolkowski M. S. Pazdur M. Krzanowski A. & Michczynski A. (1994). Andes radiocarbon database for Bolivia Ecuador and Peru. Varsovia-Gliwice Andean archaeological mission of the Institute of Archaeology/Warsaw University & Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Institute of Physics Silesian Technical University.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Meltzer and Mead 1985; Buckley et al. 1968: 262; Kraft 1973","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"MedAfriCarbon","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/3689716}","note":"{Lucarini, Giulio, Wilkinson, Toby, Crema, Enrico R., Palombini, Augusto, Bevan, Andrew, & Broodbank, Cyprian. (2020). The MedAfriCarbon radiocarbon database and web application. Archaeological dynamics in Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600-700 BC [Data set]. In Journal of Open Archaeology Data (1.0.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689716}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit,
  Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb,
  LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post,
  Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI,
  Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron,
  LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI,
  Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Linstadter.2008Transit,
  Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv,
  LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post,
  Linstadter.2008Transit, Rahmani.2004NouvChron, Rahmani.2004Techn, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb,
  Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco,
  LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post,
  Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983,
  Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, PerrinDachy.2020Press, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellFeathers.2009Post,
  Rahmani.2004NouvChron, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983,
  Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Gehlen.2010NeTPSE, LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb,
  Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI, Lubell.1977PrehCultEco
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: PerrinDachy.2020Press, LubellFeathers.2009Post, Rahmani.2004NouvChron,
  LubellSheppard.1991Maghreb, Lubell.1984Paleoenv, LubellGautier.19821983, Close.1980CurResRecI,
  Lubell.1977PrehCultEco, LubellBallais.1975PrehistCultEc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
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:bibtex_key: Reese.2016MarShellsKZAM, LubellFeathers.2009Post
:bibtex_type: :misc
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:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: MedAfriCarbon
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/3689716}"
  :note: "{Lucarini, Giulio, Wilkinson, Toby, Crema, Enrico R., Palombini, Augusto,
    Bevan, Andrew, & Broodbank, Cyprian. (2020). The MedAfriCarbon radiocarbon database
    and web application. Archaeological dynamics in Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600-700
    BC [Data set]. In Journal of Open Archaeology Data (1.0.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689716}"

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