Site types
Cave and

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
046.300° N, 016.730° E
Coordinates (DMS)
046° 18' 00" E, 016° 43' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Croatia (HR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (36)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
VERA-1428 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA 14C 46800±2300 BP 53000–45817 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Ua-13873 habitat bone, neanderthal NA 14C 42000±0 BP 44685–44660 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Ua-? habitat NA 14C 38310±2130 BP 45458–38760 cal BP Serre et al. 2004 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
VERA-0109 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA AMS 37000±600 BP 42335–40970 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
/c14s/138402 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA AMS 34700±500 BP 40984–38735 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
VRI-1125 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA 14C 33400±2000 BP 41776–34440 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
EHT-12714 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA 14C 33000±400 BP 39020–36570 cal BP Montet-White 2000 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-X-2089-07 habitat bone NA AMS 32400±1800 BP 40990–33450 cal BP Higham et al. 2006 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-X-2089-06 habitat bone NA AMS 32400±800 BP 39145–35327 cal BP Higham et al. 2006 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-X-2094-10 habitat bone NA AMS 31390±220 BP 36155–35366 cal BP Higham et al. 2006 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Z-613 habitat charcoal NA 14C 29700±2000 BP 38430–30113 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-X-2082-10 habitat bone NA AMS 29100±360 BP 34342–32253 cal BP Higham et al. 2006 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-8296 habitat bone, neanderthal NA AMS 29080±400 BP 34326–32239 cal BP Smith et al. 1999 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-8295 habitat bone, neanderthal NA AMS 28020±360 BP 33090–31257 cal BP Smith et al. 1999 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Z-551 habitat charcoal NA 14C 26970±632 BP 32822–29929 cal BP Montet-White 2000 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Z-2443 habitat NA 14C 26600±900 BP 32874–29020 cal BP Montet-White 2000 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Z-2433 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA 14C 26600±930 BP 32931–28930 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Z-612 habitat charcoal NA 14C 24000±3300 BP 34510–21823 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Z-2447 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA 14C 18500±300 BP 23041–21713 cal BP Montet-White 1996 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Z-2432 habitat bone, Ursus Spelaeus NA 14C 18280±440 BP 23017–20960 cal BP Wild et al. 2001 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011

typological date Typological dates (32)

Classification Estimated age References
unspec. NA Wild et al. 2001
Middle Paleolithic NA Wild et al. 2001
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Serre et al. 2004
Mousterian NA NA
unspec. NA Wild et al. 2001
unspec. NA Wild et al. 2001
unspec. NA Wild et al. 2001
Upper Paleolithic NA Montet-White 2000
Aurignacian NA NA
Middle/Upper Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2006
unspec. NA NA
Middle/Upper Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2006
unspec. NA NA
Middle/Upper Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2006
unspec. NA NA
unspec. NA Wild et al. 2001
Middle/Upper Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2006
unspec. NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Smith et al. 1999

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Wild et al. 2001,
  
}
@misc{Serre et al. 2004,
  
}
@misc{Montet-White 2000,
  
}
@misc{Higham et al. 2006,
  
}
@misc{Smith et al. 1999,
  
}
@misc{Montet-White  1996,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Karavanic I. 2005. Journal of Anthropological Research 51 9-35. Ahern J.C.M. et al 2004. JHE 46: 27-67. Wild E.M.  2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1021-1028. Higham C. 2006. PNAS 103: 553-557.,
  
}
@misc{Ahern J.C.M. et al 2004. <Journal of Human Evolution 46: 27-67. Wild E.M.  2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1021-1028.,
  
}
@article{CapuzzoEtAl2014,
  title = {EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France},
  shorttitle = {EUBAR},
  author = {Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.},
  year = {2014},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Radiocarbon},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2},
  pages = {851–869},
  issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
  doi = {10.2458/56.17453},
  abstract = {The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.},
  langid = {english},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{C. Zhao 2005,
  
}
@misc{Swierczynski 2013,
  
}
@misc{Zilhao J.  1999. Current Anthropology 40 3:15-20.,
  
}
@misc{Gehlen 2010,
  
}
@misc{Müller 1991 354,
  
}
@misc{Ahern J.C.M. 2004. Journal of Human Evolution  46:27-67.29 1-44 Zagreb.,
  
}
@misc{Durmann/Obelić 1989 1004; Forenbaher 1993,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Wild et al. 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Serre et al. 2004","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Montet-White 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham et al. 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Smith et al. 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Montet-White  1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Karavanic I. 2005. Journal of Anthropological Research 51 9-35. Ahern J.C.M. et al 2004. JHE 46: 27-67. Wild E.M.  2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1021-1028. Higham C. 2006. PNAS 103: 553-557.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ahern J.C.M. et al 2004. <Journal of Human Evolution 46: 27-67. Wild E.M.  2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1021-1028.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CapuzzoEtAl2014","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France}","shorttitle":"{EUBAR}","author":"{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}","year":"{2014}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Radiocarbon}","volume":"{56}","number":"{2}","pages":"{851–869}","issn":"{0033-8222, 1945-5755}","doi":"{10.2458/56.17453}","abstract":"{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}","langid":"{english}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"C. Zhao 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Swierczynski 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao J.  1999. Current Anthropology 40 3:15-20.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gehlen 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Müller 1991 354","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ahern J.C.M. 2004. Journal of Human Evolution  46:27-67.29 1-44 Zagreb.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Durmann/Obelić 1989 1004; Forenbaher 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Wild et al. 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Serre et al. 2004
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Montet-White 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Higham et al. 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith et al. 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Montet-White  1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Karavanic I. 2005. Journal of Anthropological Research 51 9-35. Ahern
  J.C.M. et al 2004. JHE 46: 27-67. Wild E.M.  2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1021-1028. Higham
  C. 2006. PNAS 103: 553-557.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Ahern J.C.M. et al 2004. <Journal of Human Evolution 46: 27-67. Wild
  E.M.  2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1021-1028.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CapuzzoEtAl2014
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian
    Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern
    France}"
  :shorttitle: "{EUBAR}"
  :author: "{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}"
  :year: "{2014}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Radiocarbon}"
  :volume: "{56}"
  :number: "{2}"
  :pages: "{851–869}"
  :issn: "{0033-8222, 1945-5755}"
  :doi: "{10.2458/56.17453}"
  :abstract: "{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative
    chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different
    time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between
    different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach
    was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology.
    To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for
    the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle
    Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological
    information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled
    more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology,
    quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological
    context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis,
    several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and
    different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: C. Zhao 2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Swierczynski 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Zilhao J.  1999. Current Anthropology 40 3:15-20.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gehlen 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Müller 1991 354
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ahern J.C.M. 2004. Journal of Human Evolution  46:27-67.29 1-44 Zagreb.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Durmann/Obelić 1989 1004; Forenbaher 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

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