Site types
Cave and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
038.720° N, 009.130° W
Coordinates (DMS)
038° 43' 00" W, 009° 07' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Portugal (PT)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (22)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
ICEN-732 habitat bone collagen NA 14C 28120±860 BP Carbonell et al. 2000 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
ICEN-306 habitat NA 14C 24000±80 BP “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
ICEN-490 habitat bone collagen NA 14C 23080±490 BP Carbonell et al. 2000 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
ICEN-491 habitat bone collagen NA 14C 18630±640 BP Zilhao 2000b “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
ICEN-306 charcoal NA NA 2400±80 BP Sousa 2010 Anexo 325 Bird et al. 2022
ICEN-490 bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty NA NA 23080±490 BP Zilhao J. 2000. In Stringer C. (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 95-110. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Bird et al. 2022
ICEN-491 impure bone collagen (impure collagen) Large mammal bone fragments and rabbit bones NA NA 18630±640 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-15004 Shaft fragment anthropically modiefied NA NA 38750±650 BP Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-15499 bone NA NA 34900±1000 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-1302 NA NA 43800±1400 BP Goldenberg 2015 161 Abb. 12 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4047 tooth NA NA 29090±270 BP Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C. (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N. 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4047UF1B tooth NA NA 29150±280 BP Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C. (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N. 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4047UF2B tooth NA NA 28360±270 BP Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C. (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N. 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4048 tooth NA NA 28320±280 BP Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C. (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N. 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4048B tooth NA NA 27290±230 BP Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C. (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N. 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4048C tooth NA NA 27740±230 BP Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C. (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N. 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4048uf1b bone NA NA 28040±250 BP Zilhao 1995. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4049 tooth NA NA 29810±310 BP Zilhao 1995. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4049UF2B tooth NA NA 29640±320 BP Lenneis 2009 Bird et al. 2022
VERA-4050 tooth NA NA 30260±330 BP Zilhao 1995. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (8)

Classification Estimated age References
Upper Paleolithic NA Carbonell et al. 2000
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA NA
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Carbonell et al. 2000
Aurignacian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Zilhao 2000b
Mousterian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Carbonell et al. 2000,
  
}
@misc{Zilhao 2000b,
  
}
@misc{Sousa 2010 Anexo 325,
  
}
@misc{Zilhao J. 2000. In Stringer C.  (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 95-110. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395.,
  
}
@misc{Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234,
  
}
@misc{Goldenberg 2015 161 Abb. 12,
  
}
@misc{Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C.  (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N.  2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428,
  
}
@misc{Zilhao 1995. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880.,
  
}
@misc{Lenneis 2009,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Carbonell et al. 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao 2000b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sousa 2010 Anexo 325","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao J. 2000. In Stringer C.  (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 95-110. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goldenberg 2015 161 Abb. 12","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C.  (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880. Bicho N.  2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao 1995. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1: e8880.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lenneis 2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Carbonell et al. 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Zilhao 2000b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sousa 2010 Anexo 325
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Zilhao J. 2000. In Stringer C.  (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow
  Books: 95-110. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vermeersch2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goldenberg 2015 161 Abb. 12
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Zilhao J.. 2000. In Stringer C.  (ed.) Neanderthals on the Edge Oxbow
  Books: 49-57. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS ONE 5/1:
  e8880. Bicho N.  2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 55-72. Bicho 2017. QI 428'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Zilhao 1995. Zilhao 2006. Arqueologica 7: 378-395. Zilhao J. 2010. PLoS
  ONE 5/1: e8880.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lenneis 2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog