Site types
Cave and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
048.400° N, 009.780° E
Coordinates (DMS)
048° 24' 00" E, 009° 46' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Germany (DE)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (162)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
OxA-18714 bone NA NA 39750±550 BP Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-18715 bone NA NA 39150±750 BP Richter JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-18716 bone NA NA 35700±550 BP Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-18718 bone NA NA 33380±390 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21656 bone NA NA 33000±500 BP Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21657 bone NA NA 39400±1100 BP Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21658 bone NA NA 38300±900 BP Richter JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21659 bone NA NA 35050±600 BP JAS 2000:75. Conard H.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21660 bone NA NA 27960±290 BP Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21661 bone NA NA 32900±450 BP Bischoff J.L. 1989 (Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 563-76). Burjachs F. Renault-Miskovsky J. 1992. Quaternaire 3(2) : 75-85. Maroto J. 2012. QI 247: 15-25. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21720 bone NA NA 35500±650 BP Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21721 bone NA NA 37300±800 BP Richter JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21722 bone NA NA 38900±1000 BP Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21723 Artiodactyl limb bone fragment same sample as KIA-8959 NA NA 37800±900 BP JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21724 bone NA NA 33950±550 BP Richter JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21725 bone NA NA 37400±800 BP Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21726 bone NA NA 34200±550 BP JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21727 bone NA NA 34100±550 BP Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21738 bone NA NA 34900±600 BP Banadora Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-21739 bone NA NA 28600±290 BP Conard H.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T. 2012. JHE. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (103)

Classification Estimated age References
Upper Paleolithic NA Housley et al. 1997
Magdalenian NA NA
unspec. NA Housley et al. 1997

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Zilhao and d'Errico 1999,
  
}
@misc{Hahn 1988,
  
}
@misc{Housley et al. 1997,
  
}
@misc{Conard and Bolus 2003,
  
}
@misc{Hahn 1995,
  
}
@misc{Richter et al. 2000,
  
}
@misc{Hahn 1988 cited by Teyssandier and Lioliios 2003,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371.,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Richter  JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T.  2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Eubar,
  
}
@misc{Gagliano SherWood M. and Roger T. Saucier  1963    Poverty Point Sites in Southeastern Louisiana.  American Antiquity 28: 320-327.,
  
}
@misc{Lanting J.N.Van der Plicht J. I996 De 14 C-Chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre-en Protohistorie I: Laat-Palaeolithicum. Palaeohistoria 37/38: 7I-125. Flas D. 2008. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.,
  
}
@misc{Holst 2010,
  
}
@misc{Bradtmöller 2007,
  
}
@misc{StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe,
  
}
@misc{Braidwood 1958b 258,
  
}
@misc{Fiorentino et al. 2013,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Conard N.J 2003. JHE 44: 3321-371.,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J. 2009. Nature 459: 249-250.,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897. Higham T.   2012. JHE. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{May/Hauptmann 2011 136,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard N.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.,
  
}
@misc{Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 2000:75. Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371,
  
}
@misc{Bischoff J.L.  1989 (Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 563-76).  Burjachs F. Renault-Miskovsky J. 1992. Quaternaire 3(2) : 75-85. Maroto J.  2012. QI 247: 15-25. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Banadora Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 27 2000: 75,
  
}
@misc{Street and Terberger 2000,
  
}
@misc{L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology,
  
}
@misc{Housley  1997,
  
}
@misc{Banadora,
  
}
@misc{CohenV. 1996. The Upper Paleolithic of Crimea. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistoire 107: 93-108,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett et al. 1986 218,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371,
  
}
@misc{R. Munsil 1985 (à Die Fauna des Magdalenien; - Siedlung Oecknitz. Weimars Monographien Zur Ur- und FrÔøΩhgeschichte Weimar. Brasser M. 2010/2011. Alt Thuringen 42: 5-78.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk-Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Kuzmin Y.V. ea;.1998.Radiocarbon chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. Journal of World  Prehistory 12(1): 1-53.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 27 2000: 75 Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian,
  
}
@misc{Antoine  2003,
  
}
@misc{van Noten 1982,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao and d'Errico 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hahn 1988","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley et al. 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard and Bolus 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hahn 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Richter et al. 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hahn 1988 cited by Teyssandier and Lioliios 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Richter  JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T.  2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Eubar","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gagliano SherWood M. and Roger T. Saucier  1963    Poverty Point Sites in Southeastern Louisiana.  American Antiquity 28: 320-327.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting J.N.Van der Plicht J. I996 De 14 C-Chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre-en Protohistorie I: Laat-Palaeolithicum. Palaeohistoria 37/38: 7I-125. Flas D. 2008. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Holst 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bradtmöller 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Braidwood 1958b 258","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fiorentino et al. 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Conard N.J 2003. JHE 44: 3321-371.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard N.J. 2009. Nature 459: 249-250.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897. Higham T.   2012. JHE. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.  2014. 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JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 27 2000: 75","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Street and Terberger 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley  1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CohenV. 1996. The Upper Paleolithic of Crimea. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistoire 107: 93-108","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gowlett et al. 1986 218","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"R. Munsil 1985 (à Die Fauna des Magdalenien; - Siedlung Oecknitz. Weimars Monographien Zur Ur- und FrÔøΩhgeschichte Weimar. Brasser M. 2010/2011. Alt Thuringen 42: 5-78.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk-Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Kuzmin Y.V. ea;.1998.Radiocarbon chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. Journal of World  Prehistory 12(1): 1-53.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 27 2000: 75 Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Antoine  2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"van Noten 1982","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Zilhao and d'Errico 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hahn 1988
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley et al. 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Conard and Bolus 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hahn 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Richter et al. 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hahn 1988 cited by Teyssandier and Lioliios 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des
  Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74:
  544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Richter  JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham
  T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des
  Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T.  2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham
  T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Eubar
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gagliano SherWood M. and Roger T. Saucier  1963    Poverty Point Sites
  in Southeastern Louisiana.  American Antiquity 28: 320-327.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lanting J.N.Van der Plicht J. I996 De 14 C-Chronologie van de Nederlandse
  Pre-en Protohistorie I: Laat-Palaeolithicum. Palaeohistoria 37/38: 7I-125. Flas
  D. 2008. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Holst 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bradtmöller 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in
  northern Central Europe
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Braidwood 1958b 258
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fiorentino et al. 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Conard N.J 2003. JHE 44: 3321-371.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J. 2009. Nature 459: 249-250.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897. Higham T.   2012. JHE. Higham T.  2014.
  Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vermeersch2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: May/Hauptmann 2011 136
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard N.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des
  Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the
  Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'JAS 2000:75. Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371'
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- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

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