Site types
Cave and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
045.550° N, 010.880° E
Coordinates (DMS)
045° 33' 00" E, 010° 52' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Italy (IT)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (174)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
LTL-376A habitat charcoal NA AMS 42750±700 BP 46360–44333 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-378A habitat charcoal NA AMS 42000±750 BP 45854–43390 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-X-2275-45 habitat charcoal NA AMS 41650±650 BP 45396–43250 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-377A habitat charcoal NA AMS 41350±750 BP 45265–43003 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-17566 habitat charcoal NA AMS 40460±360 BP 44206–42990 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-17980 habitat charcoal NA AMS 40150±350 BP 44035–42836 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-572A habitat charcoal NA AMS 40150±550 BP 44258–42700 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Utc-1774 habitat charbon NA AMS 40000±4000 BP 50270–36389 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-11346 habitat charcoal NA AMS 39950±550 BP 44150–42590 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-578A habitat charcoal NA AMS 39850±500 BP 44045–42568 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-17567 habitat charcoal NA AMS 39500±330 BP 43160–42530 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-17568 habitat charcoal NA AMS 39490±350 BP 43190–42504 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-8022 habitat charcoal NA AMS 38800±750 BP 43832–41893 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-574A habitat charcoal NA AMS 38550±540 BP 42905–42074 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-8023 habitat charcoal NA AMS 38250±700 BP 42965–41603 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-579A habitat charcoal NA AMS 38100±600 BP 42828–41680 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-1795A habitat charcoal NA AMS 37828±430 BP 42542–41790 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-570A habitat charcoal NA AMS 37750±400 BP 42486–41785 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
LTL-568A habitat charcoal NA AMS 37300±450 BP 42332–41355 cal BP Higham et al. 2009 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OS-5872 habitat marine shell NA 14C 37100±240 BP 42138–41510 cal BP Broglio and Dalmeri 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011

typological date Typological dates (170)

Classification Estimated age References
Middle Paleolithic NA Broglio and Dalmeri 2005
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Broglio and Dalmeri 2005
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2009
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Broglio and Dalmeri 2005
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2009
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2009
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2009
Mousterian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Broglio and Dalmeri 2005
Aurignacian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Broglio and Dalmeri 2005
Mousterian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Higham et al. 2009
Mousterian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Broglio and Dalmeri 2005,
  
}
@misc{Higham et al. 2009,
  
}
@misc{Broglio and Dalmeri 2005; Giaccio et al. 2006,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Altinbilek-Algül 2011: 13,
  
}
@misc{Mussi et al. 2011,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Rellini I.  2013. QI 315: 42-55.,
  
}
@misc{Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996;,
  
}
@misc{Manen 2019,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.,
  
}
@misc{Poulmarc'h 2016,
  
}
@misc{àataj & Jane≈° 2013,
  
}
@misc{Pearce 2013,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Surmely  2002 BSPF,
  
}
@misc{Özdogan 2011,
  
}
@misc{Street M. 1993.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Riel-Salvatore J. 2009. In Cqmps M. & Szmidt C. Oxbow Books: 211-230.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.,
  
}
@misc{Baales M. 2006. L'Anthropologie 110: 418-444.,
  
}
@misc{Veil S. 1996. Eraul 76:: 151-180.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Caron  2011. PLoS ONE e21545. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3,
  
}
@misc{Hanna 2015,
  
}
@misc{Pollard 2011,
  
}
@misc{Oxford Datelist,
  
}
@misc{Biagi 2002,
  
}
@misc{. Dari A. & Renault-Miskovsky J. 2001. Prehistoria y Arqueologia t.14 : 121-144.  341-359 Springer. 2009  Tejero JM. 2014. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 36: 72*92. Wood R.  2016. QI ip.,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@misc{Kuhn S. 2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 49-76. Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.,
  
}
@misc{Highham T. 2010. Antiquity,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Wood R.E.  2013. PNAS 110: 2781-1786.,
  
}
@misc{Tabularium Site Database:n.104,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149.,
  
}
@misc{Hendy et al. 1973,
  
}
@misc{Facchinetti 2012,
  
}
@misc{Mussi M. 2000. Heading South. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 355-374 Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.,
  
}
@misc{Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.,
  
}
@misc{Broglio A. 1996. Eraul: 289-304.,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Broglio and Dalmeri 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham et al. 2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Broglio and Dalmeri 2005; Giaccio et al. 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Altinbilek-Algül 2011: 13","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mussi et al. 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Rellini I.  2013. QI 315: 42-55.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996;","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Manen 2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Poulmarc'h 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"àataj & Jane≈° 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pearce 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Surmely  2002 BSPF","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Özdogan 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Street M. 1993.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Riel-Salvatore J. 2009. In Cqmps M. & Szmidt C. Oxbow Books: 211-230.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Baales M. 2006. L'Anthropologie 110: 418-444.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Veil S. 1996. Eraul 76:: 151-180.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Caron  2011. PLoS ONE e21545. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hanna 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pollard 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oxford Datelist","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Biagi 2002","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":". Dari A. & Renault-Miskovsky J. 2001. Prehistoria y Arqueologia t.14 : 121-144.  341-359 Springer. 2009  Tejero JM. 2014. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 36: 72*92. Wood R.  2016. QI ip.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Kuhn S. 2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 49-76. Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Highham T. 2010. Antiquity","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wood R.E.  2013. PNAS 110: 2781-1786.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Tabularium Site Database:n.104","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hendy et al. 1973","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facchinetti 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mussi M. 2000. Heading South. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 355-374 Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Broglio A. 1996. Eraul: 289-304.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Broglio and Dalmeri 2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Higham et al. 2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Broglio and Dalmeri 2005; Giaccio et al. 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
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  Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
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---
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---
:bibtex_key: Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.
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---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Rellini I.  2013. QI 315: 42-55.'
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---
:bibtex_key: Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996;
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Manen 2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal
  of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.'
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---
:bibtex_key: Poulmarc'h 2016
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---
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---
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---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
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  M. & Szmidt C. Oxbow Books: 211-230.'
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  of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.
  Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
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---
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---
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---
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---
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:bibtex_key: ". Dari A. & Renault-Miskovsky J. 2001. Prehistoria y Arqueologia t.14
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  Archaeology 36: 72*92. Wood R.  2016. QI ip."
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74:
  544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kuhn S. 2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 49-76.
  Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Highham T. 2010. Antiquity
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Higham T.  2009. QSR
  doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wood R.E.  2013. PNAS 110: 2781-1786.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Tabularium Site Database:n.104
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---
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---
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---
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---
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---
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  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Higham T.  2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Peresani
  M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.
  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.'
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---
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---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog