Site types
Cave, grave, miscellaneous, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
039.966° N, 003.965° E
Coordinates (DMS)
039° 57' 00" E, 003° 57' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Spain (ES)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (46)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-125219 collagen bone NA NA 2850±50 BP 3147–2849 cal BP Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 164 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-7803 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel IV. Cuadro 15 Cd. Astrágalo derecho de mujer adulta (hueso X1-4981). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Homo sapiens NA 2875±40 BP 3147–2876 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 164 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
OxA-7811 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel IV. Cuadro 10 D. Astrágalo derecho de mujer adulta (hueso X1-19000). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Homo sapiens NA 2915±40 BP 3173–2953 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 163 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
OxA-7235 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 5. Cabellos humanos contenido en un tubo. Muestra 20. Grave (inhumation) fabric hair, human NA 2935±45 BP 3212–2960 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 334; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 163 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
OxA-7819 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel I. Cuadro 12/13 B. Esternón de un hombre de entre 30 y 35 anos (hueso X1-5047). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Homo sapiens NA 2965±40 BP 3318–2997 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 162 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
OxA-10308 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Cuadro 7 C. Nivel I. Astrágalo de hombre adulto (hueso X1-18515). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone OxA-10308; Hueso humano NA 2972±38 BP 3318–3002 cal BP Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003, tabla 1.1; Micó 2005, 162 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
OxA-10308 collagen bone NA NA 2972±38 BP 3318–3002 cal BP Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003 tabla 1.1; Micó 2005 162 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-123756 collagen bone NA NA 2980±70 BP 3350–2962 cal BP Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 161 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-123756 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel II. Cuadro 15 Gd. Astrágalo de hombre adulto (hueso X1-7345). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Beta NA 2980±70 BP 3350–2962 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 161 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Beta-123757 collagen bone NA NA 2990±60 BP 3349–2996 cal BP Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 161 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-123757 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel I. Cuadro 10 Cd. Astrágalo de mujer adulta (hueso X1-223). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Beta NA 2990±60 BP 3349–2996 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 161 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Beta-123759 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel III. Cuadro 15 A. Astrágalo de mujer adulta (hueso X1-13200). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Beta NA 3020±60 BP 3368–3005 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 160 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Beta-123759 collagen bone NA NA 3020±60 BP 3368–3005 cal BP Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 160 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-7821 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Rampa W. Nivel III. Astrágalo derecho de hombre adulto (hueso XF-3433). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Homo sapiens NA 3030±40 BP 3355–3079 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 160 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Beta-123758 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel V. Cuadro 10 Cd. Astrágalo de hombre adulto (hueso X1-4450). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Beta NA 3070±60 BP 3441–3077 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 159 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Beta-123758 collagen bone NA NA 3070±60 BP 3441–3077 cal BP Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 159 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-7810 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel I. Cuadro 15 M. Astrágalo derecho de mujer adulta (hueso X1-11457). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Homo sapiens NA 3100±40 BP 3395–3210 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 159 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Beta-123755 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 1. Nivel I. Cuadro 18 I. Astrágalo de hombre adulto (hueso X1-10409). Grave (inhumation) collagen, bone Beta NA 3130±70 BP 3481–3165 cal BP Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 158 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Beta-123755 collagen bone NA NA 3130±70 BP 3481–3165 cal BP Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 158 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-6416 Cueva natural de inhumación murada: Sala 5. Cabello humano contenido en contendor cilíndrico. Muestra 20. Grave (inhumation) fabric Hair NA 3165±45 BP 3465–3253 cal BP Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 158 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014

typological date Typological dates (0)

Classification Estimated age References

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 366; Micó 2005, 169,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003, tabla 1.1; Micó 2005, 157,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 158,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 158,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 159,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 160,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 161,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 162,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 334; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 163,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 164,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 165,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 334; Micó 2005, 166,
  
}
@misc{Hedges et al. 1996, 409; Lull et al. 1999, 334; Micó 2005, 166,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 167,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 168,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 366; Micó 2005, 171,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 157; Van Strydonck et al. 2001, 31; Van Strydonck et al. 2004, tabla 1; Micó 2005, 156,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 157,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 159,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 160,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003, tabla 1.1; Micó 2005, 162,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 163,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 164,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 165,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 168,
  
}
@misc{Hedges et al. 1996, 409; Lull et al. 1999, 334; Micó 2005, 169,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 170,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999, 366; Van Strydonck et al. 2001, 31; Micó 2005, 170,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 158,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 161,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 159,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 160,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 157,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 165,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 164,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 334; Micó 2005 166,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 366; Micó 2005 169,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 366; Micó 2005 171,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003 tabla 1.1; Micó 2005 162,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003 tabla 1.1; Micó 2005 157,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002 8; Micó 2005 170,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 157; Van Strydonck et al. 2001 31; Van Strydonck et al. 2004 tabla 1; Micó 2005 156,
  
}
@misc{Lull et al. 1999 366; Van Strydonck et al. 2001 31; Micó 2005 170,
  
}
@dataset{RADON-B,
  title = {RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age},
  author = {Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe},
  date = {2014},
  url = {https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de},
  abstract = {The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
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This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 366; Micó 2005, 169
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003, tabla 1.1; Micó 2005,
  157
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 158
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 158
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 159
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 160
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 161
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 162
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 334; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 163
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 164
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 165
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 334; Micó 2005, 166
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hedges et al. 1996, 409; Lull et al. 1999, 334; Micó 2005, 166
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 167
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 168
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 366; Micó 2005, 171
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 157; Van Strydonck et al. 2001, 31; Van Strydonck et
  al. 2004, tabla 1; Micó 2005, 156
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 157
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 159
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 160
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003, tabla 1.1; Micó 2005,
  162
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 163
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 164
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Micó 2005, 165
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 168
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hedges et al. 1996, 409; Lull et al. 1999, 334; Micó 2005, 169
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002, 8; Micó 2005, 170
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999, 366; Van Strydonck et al. 2001, 31; Micó 2005, 170
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 158
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 161
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 159
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 160
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 157
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 165
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Micó 2005 164
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 334; Micó 2005 166
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 366; Micó 2005 169
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 366; Micó 2005 171
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003 tabla 1.1; Micó 2005
  162
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002 8; Rihuete Herrada 2003 tabla 1.1; Micó 2005
  157
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 171; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2002 8; Micó 2005 170
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 157; Van Strydonck et al. 2001 31; Van Strydonck et
  al. 2004 tabla 1; Micó 2005 156
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lull et al. 1999 366; Van Strydonck et al. 2001 31; Micó 2005 170
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON-B
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European
    14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}"
  :author: "{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}"
  :date: "{2014}"
  :url: "{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}"
  :abstract: "{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The
    time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period
    from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological
    factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or
    features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited
    in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject
    to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

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