Site types
Nuraghi, settlement, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
040.121° N, 009.013° E
Coordinates (DMS)
040° 07' 00" E, 009° 00' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Italy (IT)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (61)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
I-11871 layers XII-XI charcoal NA NA 3230±110 BP Webster and Webster 1998 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-14774 NA NA 4180±320 BP Skeates and Whitehouse 1994; Hinz et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-14774 layers XIV-XIII charcoal NA NA 4180±320 BP Webster and Webster 1998 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-14774 Tower A NA NA 4180±320 BP Skeates/Whitehouse 1994 Hinz et al. 2012
I-14775 tower A, layer VII charcoal NA NA 2830±90 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-15465 tower A, layer XI charcoal NA NA 3110±90 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-15466 tower A, layer X charcoal NA NA 2880±80 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-16034 tower A, layer IV charcoal NA NA 2475±135 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-17869 tower A, layer XII sup. charcoal NA NA 3420±100 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-17869 layers XIV-XIII charcoal NA NA 3420±100 BP Webster and Webster 1998 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-17870 tower A, layer XI charcoal NA NA 3220±110 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-17871 tower A, layer XI charcoal NA NA 3230±110 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-17872 tower A, layer XIII charcoal NA NA 3370±130 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-17872 layers XIV-XIII charcoal NA NA 3370±130 BP Webster and Webster 1998 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-18546 tower B, layer X-IX charcoal NA NA 3580±210 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-18546 layers X-IX charcoal NA NA 3580±210 BP Webster and Webster 1998 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-18585 structure 6, layer 8 charcoal NA NA 2930±90 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-18586 structure 5, layer 5 charcoal NA NA 2890±90 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-18587 structure 2, layer 8 charcoal NA NA 2830±90 BP Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003 Palmisano et al. 2022
I-18587 Level 6 charcoal NA NA 2830±90 BP Webster and Webster 1998 Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (1)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithikum NA Skeates/Whitehouse 1994

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

  • No bibliographic information available. [Webster and Webster 1998]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Skeates and Whitehouse 1994; Hinz et al. 2012]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Paulsson 2017]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Larsson 2019]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Skeates/Whitehouse 1994]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Broecker et al. 1956; Sanger and Sanger 1986]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Atangana 1992]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Science 124 1956]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Vermeersch2019]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Gerow Force 1968]
  • Palmisano, A., Bevan, A., Kabelindde, A., Roberts, N., & Shennan, S. (2022). AIDA: Archive of Italian Radiocarbon Dates (Version 5.0) [Data set]. https://github.com/apalmisano82/AIDA [AIDA]
  • Weninger, B. (2022). CalPal Edition 2022.9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/1010.5281/zenodo.7422618 [CalPal2022]
  • Hinz, M., Furholt, M., Müller, J., Raetzel-Fabian, D., Rinne, C., Sjögren, K.-G., & Wotzka, H.-P. (2012). RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 14, 1–4. https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116 [RADON]
  • Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{Webster and Webster 1998,
  
}
@misc{Skeates and Whitehouse 1994; Hinz et al. 2012,
  
}
@misc{Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003,
  
}
@misc{Paulsson 2017,
  
}
@misc{Larsson 2019,
  
}
@misc{Skeates/Whitehouse 1994,
  
}
@misc{Broecker et al. 1956; Sanger and Sanger 1986,
  
}
@misc{Atangana 1992,
  
}
@misc{Science 124 1956,
  
}
@misc{Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{Gerow Force 1968,
  
}
@dataset{AIDA,
  title = {AIDA: Archive of Italian Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Kabelindde, A. and Roberts, N. and Shennan, S.},
  date = {2022-04-09},
  url = {https://github.com/apalmisano82/AIDA},
  version = {5.0}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Webster and Webster 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Skeates and Whitehouse 1994; Hinz et al. 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Paulsson 2017","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Larsson 2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Skeates/Whitehouse 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Broecker et al. 1956; Sanger and Sanger 1986","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Atangana 1992","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Science 124 1956","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gerow Force 1968","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"AIDA","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{AIDA: Archive of Italian Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Kabelindde, A. and Roberts, N. and Shennan, S.}","date":"{2022-04-09}","url":"{https://github.com/apalmisano82/AIDA}","version":"{5.0}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Webster and Webster 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Skeates and Whitehouse 1994; Hinz et al. 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Rubinos and Ruiz-Galvez 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Paulsson 2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Larsson 2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Skeates/Whitehouse 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Broecker et al. 1956; Sanger and Sanger 1986
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Atangana 1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Science 124 1956
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vermeersch2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gerow Force 1968
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: AIDA
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{AIDA: Archive of Italian Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Kabelindde, A. and Roberts,
    N. and Shennan, S.}"
  :date: "{2022-04-09}"
  :url: "{https://github.com/apalmisano82/AIDA}"
  :version: "{5.0}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog