Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
041.000° N, 043.870° E
Coordinates (DMS)
041° 00' 00" E, 043° 52' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Georgia (GE)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (30)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Bln-5854 AR05A108a bone NA NA 6850±35 BP 7750–7609 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
Bln-5949 AR06C021-151 charcoal NA NA 6451±40 BP 7428–7280 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
Bln-5950 AR06D013-146 charcoal NA NA 6369±46 BP 7422–7168 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
Hd-12879 AR10B066-298 charcoal NA NA 6919±30 BP 7827–7681 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
Hd-28503 AR07L019-178 charcoal Salix/Populus NA 2489±22 BP 2718–2491 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
Hd-28504 AR07K006-182 grain Hordeum vulgare NA 4870±25 BP 5653–5581 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
Hd-28505 AR07K044-191 grain Hordeum vulgare NA 6591±22 BP 7560–7542 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
Hd-28506 AR07M013-181 grain Hordeum vulgare NA 6650±28 BP 7575–7479 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
MAMS-14734 AR11U045-359/360 grain Triticum turgidum dicoccum NA 6844±26 BP 7705–7615 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
MAMS-14735 AR11AA007-364 grain Hordeum vulgare NA 6784±26 BP 7669–7585 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
MAMS-14736 AR11AA005-369 seeds MIXED NA 6814±27 BP 7684–7605 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
MAMS-14737 AR11AA008-370 grain Hordeum vulgare NA 6788±27 BP 7670–7588 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
MAMS-14738 AR11AA009-386 grain Hordeum vulgare NA 6800±26 BP 7676–7590 cal BP Lyonnet et al. 2012 Palmisano et al. 2022
TB-277 horizon II NA NA NA 6765±60 BP 7699–7510 cal BP Goridze 1979; Chataigner 1995 Palmisano et al. 2022
TB-300 niv. VII, niveau inférieur NA NA NA 7135±70 BP 8164–7792 cal BP Kiguradze 1986; Chataigner 1995 Palmisano et al. 2022
TB-309 horizon III NA NA NA 6770±65 BP 7735–7508 cal BP Kiguradze 1986; Chataigner 1995 Palmisano et al. 2022
TB-331 horizon III NA NA NA 6365±140 BP 7562–6950 cal BP Kiguradze 1986; Chataigner 1995 Palmisano et al. 2022
TB-92 niv. I, niveau supérieur NA NA NA 6525±60 BP 7565–7319 cal BP Chelidze 1979; Chataigner 1995 Palmisano et al. 2022
TB-331 NA NA NA NA 6365±140 BP 7562–6950 cal BP Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995
TB-92 NA NA NA NA 6525±60 BP 7565–7319 cal BP Chelidze 1979, Chataigner 1995

typological date Typological dates (10)

Classification Estimated age References
CH NA Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995
Chalc. NA NA
CH NA Chelidze 1979, Chataigner 1995
Chalc. NA NA
CH NA Goridze 1979, Chataigner 1995
Chalc. NA NA
CH NA Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984, Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995
Chalc. NA NA
PN NA Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984, Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995
PN? NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Chelidze 1979, Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Goridze 1979, Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984, Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Lyonnet et al. 2012,
  
}
@misc{Burchuladze and Togonidze 1987,
  
}
@misc{Goridze 1979; Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Kiguradze 1986; Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Chelidze 1979; Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Goridze 1979 Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984 Kiguradze 1986 Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Kiguradze 1986 Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@misc{Chelidze 1979 Chataigner 1995,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Chelidze 1979, Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goridze 1979, Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984, Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lyonnet et al. 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Burchuladze and Togonidze 1987","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goridze 1979; Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiguradze 1986; Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Chelidze 1979; Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goridze 1979 Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984 Kiguradze 1986 Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiguradze 1986 Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Chelidze 1979 Chataigner 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Chelidze 1979, Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goridze 1979, Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984, Kiguradze 1986, Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lyonnet et al. 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Burchuladze and Togonidze 1987
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goridze 1979; Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiguradze 1986; Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Chelidze 1979; Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goridze 1979 Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dzhavakhishvili and Kiguradze 1984 Kiguradze 1986 Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiguradze 1986 Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Chelidze 1979 Chataigner 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"

Changelog