Site types
Marmara, settlement, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
040.469° N, 029.287° E
Coordinates (DMS)
040° 28' 00" E, 029° 17' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Türkiye (TR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (280)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GrN-15077 charcoal NA 14C 7020±50 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-15078 charcoal NA 14C 6920±70 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-15079 charcoal NA 14C 7140±120 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-15080 charcoal NA 14C 6910±110 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-15083 charcoal NA 14C 7240±140 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-15085 charcoal NA 14C 7100±50 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-15087 charcoal NA 14C 7070±50 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-15088 charcoal NA 14C 6970±110 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-16144 charcoal NA 14C 6935±35 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-16145 charcoal NA 14C 6800±90 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-16146 charcoal NA 14C 5320±80 BP CONTEXT, Sagona and Zimansky 2009, CalPal Weninger 2022
GrN-16148 charcoal NA 14C 7140±250 BP CONTEXT, Sagona and Zimansky 2009, CalPal Weninger 2022
GrN-16149 charcoal NA 14C 6890±90 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-16150 charcoal NA 14C 7210±200 BP CONTEXT, Sagona and Zimansky 2009, CalPal Weninger 2022
GrN-16151 bone Homo sapiens 14C 5060±110 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-16154 charcoal NA 14C 6850±250 BP CONTEXT, Sagona and Zimansky 2009, CalPal Weninger 2022
GrN-17045 charcoal NA 14C 7025±30 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-17046 seed/fruit NA 14C 7100±30 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-17047 charcoal NA 14C 6925±70 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022
GrN-17048 charcoal NA 14C 7025±95 BP Roodenberg 2001 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (202)

Classification Estimated age References
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase IX NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase IX NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase X NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase IX NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase X NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase X NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase X NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase IX NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase VIII NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Roodenberg 2001
Phase VIII NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Roodenberg 2001,
  
}
@misc{CONTEXT, Sagona and Zimansky 2009, CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg and Schier 2001, Thissen 2002a,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal; Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Erdoğu 2003; Clare and Weninger 2014; Brami 2014; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal; Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{TAY Project,
  
}
@misc{Clare and Weninger 2014; Brami 2014; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal; Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Flohretal2016,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg & Schier 2001,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg & Schier 2001 Groningen 14C database,
  
}
@misc{Lanting et al. 1999/2000 72,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT, Sagona and Zimansky 2009, CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg and Schier 2001, Thissen 2002a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal; Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Erdoğu 2003; Clare and Weninger 2014; Brami 2014; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal; Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"TAY Project","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clare and Weninger 2014; Brami 2014; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal; Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Flohretal2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg & Schier 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg & Schier 2001 Groningen 14C database","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting et al. 1999/2000 72","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CONTEXT, Sagona and Zimansky 2009, CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg and Schier 2001, Thissen 2002a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal;
  Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Erdoğu 2003; Clare and Weninger 2014; Brami 2014; Brami and Zanotti 2015;
  CalPal; Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: TAY Project
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Clare and Weninger 2014; Brami 2014; Brami and Zanotti 2015; CalPal;
  Reingruber and Thissen 2016; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg and Schier 2001; Erdoğu 2003; CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Flohretal2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg & Schier 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg & Schier 2001 Groningen 14C database
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting et al. 1999/2000 72
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog