Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
037.060° N, 037.990° E
Coordinates (DMS)
037° 03' 00" E, 037° 59' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Türkiye (TR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (117)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-88327 NA NA 4940±180 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
Beta-88327 B NA NA 4940±180 BP TAY Project; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-88327 NA 14C 4940±180 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003 Weninger 2022
Beta-88327 NA NA 4940±180 BP Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-88326 NA NA 5190±170 BP Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-88326 B; B; B NA NA 5190±170 BP Stein et al. 1996; TAY Project; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-88326 NA 14C 5190±170 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003 Weninger 2022
Beta-88326 NA NA 5190±170 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
Beta-88324 NA NA 4740±70 BP Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-88324 NA NA 4740±70 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
Beta-88324 A/B NA NA 4740±70 BP TAY Project; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-88324 NA 14C 4740±70 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003 Weninger 2022
Beta-88323 NA 14C 4700±80 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003 Weninger 2022
Beta-88323 NA NA 4700±80 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
Beta-88323 A/B NA NA 4700±80 BP TAY Project; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-88323 NA NA 4700±80 BP Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-88322 NA NA 4810±60 BP Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-88322 NA NA 4810±60 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
Beta-88322 NA 14C 4810±60 BP Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003 Weninger 2022
Beta-88322 B NA NA 4810±60 BP TAY Project; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (50)

Classification Estimated age References
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
CH NA Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003,
  
}
@misc{Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003,
  
}
@misc{Böhner/Schyle 2002-2006,
  
}
@misc{Wright and Rupley 2001,
  
}
@misc{Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7234,
  
}
@misc{Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7237,
  
}
@misc{TAY Project; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Stein et al. 1996; Erdoğu 2003; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{TAY Project,
  
}
@misc{Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7235,
  
}
@misc{Stein et al. 1996; TAY Project; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7236,
  
}
@misc{Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@dataset{RADON-B,
  title = {RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age},
  author = {Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe},
  date = {2014},
  url = {https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de},
  abstract = {The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Böhner/Schyle 2002-2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wright and Rupley 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7234","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7237","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"TAY Project; CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stein et al. 1996; Erdoğu 2003; CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"TAY Project","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7235","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stein et al. 1996; TAY Project; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7236","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON-B","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}","author":"{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}","date":"{2014}","url":"{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}","abstract":"{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Stein et al. 1996b, Erdoğu et al. 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stein et al. 1996b, Erdo?u et al. 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Böhner/Schyle 2002-2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wright and Rupley 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7234'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7237'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: TAY Project; CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stein et al. 1996; Erdoğu 2003; CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: TAY Project
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7235'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stein et al. 1996; TAY Project; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Böhner and Schyle 2006; TAY Project; CalPal; Hinz et al. 2012: http://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/7236'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stein et al. 1996b ErdoÄŸu et al. 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON-B
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European
    14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}"
  :author: "{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}"
  :date: "{2014}"
  :url: "{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}"
  :abstract: "{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The
    time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period
    from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological
    factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or
    features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited
    in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject
    to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog