Site types
Open air site, settlement, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
036.390° N, 038.200° E
Coordinates (DMS)
036° 23' 00" E, 038° 12' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Syrian Arab Republic (SY)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (78)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-71866 AreaA; Area A NA NA NA 9740±60 BP 11261–10813 cal BP Willcox 1996; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-71870 Area C2 NA NA NA 9810±60 BP 11393–11112 cal BP Willcox 1996; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-10647 C 99-43, Niveau -I, (EA 53), ""transitional phase PPNA-PPNB"" (1:47); Niveau -I/E, ""transitional phase""; C 99-43, EA 53 (1:47) charcoal NA NA 9395±55 BP 10754–10440 cal BP Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-10648 C 99-46, Niv. III/E, (EA 47); Niveau III/E; C 99-46, EA 47 charcoal NA NA 9855±70 BP 11607–11168 cal BP Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-10649 C 98-34 Niv. II/W (EA 30) (1:47); Niveau II/W; C98-34, EA 30 (1:47) charcoal NA NA 9445±75 BP 11074–10444 cal BP Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-10650 C 75 charcoal NA NA 9065±95 BP 10496–9907 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-10651 soubassement maison ronde; Niveau V/E; C 88, floor charcoal NA NA 9965±55 BP 11689–11247 cal BP Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-10652 C 72 charcoal NA NA 9705±135 BP 11463–10587 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-10653 C2001 charcoal NA NA 9810±55 BP 11389–11161 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-1578 C2002 grain Poaceae NA 9440±60 BP 11068–10506 cal BP Benz 2014;Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-1579 Building 10, room 2; C2003, Building 10, room 2 seeds Brassica NA 9620±60 BP 11182–10765 cal BP Willcox 2002; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016; Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2332 68-632 grain Poaceae NA 9570±70 BP 11168–10700 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2333 69-541 grain Poaceae NA 9815±70 BP 11400–10895 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2334 71-480 - US 28 grain Poaceae NA 9980±70 BP 11735–11248 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2335 72-578 - US 202 Est grain Poaceae NA 10280±70 BP 12467–11765 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2336 75-631 grain Poaceae NA 9545±70 BP 11155–10606 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2337 77-636-US 199 Ouest grain Poaceae NA 9900±70 BP 11684–11196 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2597 61-305 - US E9 grain Poaceae NA 9960±70 BP 11705–11238 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2598 64-262 - US C4A grain Poaceae NA 9715±65 BP 11246–10794 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022
Ly-2599 70-614 grain Poaceae NA 9890±60 BP 11605–11197 cal BP Benz 2014 Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (49)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA Mottram 1997
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Mottram 1997
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA NA
PPNB NA NA
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Marion
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Marion
Neolithic NA Marion
Neolithic NA Marion
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Borrell references>PPND Database
Neolithic NA Marion

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Mottram 1997,
  
}
@misc{Marion,
  
}
@misc{Borrell references>PPND Database,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur and Abbs 2002,
  
}
@misc{Willcox 2002,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur et al. 1997, Stordeur et al. 2001,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur et al. 1997, Stordeur et al. 2001, Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2014,
  
}
@misc{Willcox 1996; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2014;Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{BANADORA; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Willcox 2002; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016; Benz 2014,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur et al. 1997; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur et al. 1997; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur et al. 1997 Stordeur et al. 2001 Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Stordeur et al. 1997 Stordeur et al. 2001,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Mottram 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Marion","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Borrell references>PPND Database","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur and Abbs 2002","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Willcox 2002","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur et al. 1997, Stordeur et al. 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur et al. 1997, Stordeur et al. 2001, Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2014","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Willcox 1996; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2014;Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"BANADORA; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Willcox 2002; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016; Benz 2014","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur et al. 1997; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur et al. 1997; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur et al. 1997 Stordeur et al. 2001 Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur et al. 1997 Stordeur et al. 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Mottram 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Marion
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Borrell references>PPND Database
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur and Abbs 2002
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Willcox 2002
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur et al. 1997, Stordeur et al. 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur et al. 1997, Stordeur et al. 2001, Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2014
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Willcox 1996; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2014;Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Edwards et al. 2004; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr
  et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur and Abbès 2002; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BANADORA; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Willcox 2002; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016; Benz 2014
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur et al. 1997; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur et al. 1997; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur et al. 1997 Stordeur et al. 2001 Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur et al. 1997 Stordeur et al. 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"

Changelog