Site types
Cave, dolmen, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
037.673° N, 006.725° W
Coordinates (DMS)
037° 40' 00" W, 006° 43' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Spain (ES)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (23)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
OxA-974 habitat antler, wand NA AMS 14600±160 BP 18205–17413 cal BP Djindjian 2000a “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-973 habitat antler, spear NA AMS 12860±130 BP 15725–15010 cal BP Hedges et al. 1987 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-975 habitat antler, spear NA AMS 12750±130 BP 15633–14580 cal BP Hedges et al. 1987 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-950 habitat antler, artifact NA AMS 12500±140 BP 15187–14155 cal BP Hedges et al. 1987 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-951 habitat antler, spear NA AMS 11990±140 BP 14190–13509 cal BP Hedges et al. 1987 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Beta-150153 NA bone Homo sapiens C14 4220±40 BP 4857–4620 cal BP Balsera Weninger 2022
Beta-150154 NA charcoal NA C14 4070±70 BP 4822–4416 cal BP Balsera Weninger 2022
A-645 NA CHARCOAL Prosopis RADIOMETRIC 1690±200 BP 2099–1178 cal BP Dart 1986 Bird et al. 2022
BETA-27504 NA Charred material NA NA 3020±50 BP 3355–3073 cal BP Cornejo and Sanhueza 2011 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-27504 NA charcoal NA NA 3020±50 BP 3355–3073 cal BP Cornejo & Sanhueza 2011 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-27504 NA charcoal NA NA 3020±50 BP 3355–3073 cal BP Landt et al 2014 Bird et al. 2022
Birm-515 NA unknown NA NA 4900±130 BP 5913–5323 cal BP Ziolkowski et al 1994 Bird et al. 2022
Birm-516 NA charcoal NA NA 6410±140 BP 7572–6995 cal BP Ziolkowski et al 1994 Bird et al. 2022
Ny-228 NA shell NA NA 2130±70 BP 2320–1940 cal BP Ziolkowski et al 1994 Bird et al. 2022
Ny-242 NA plant NA NA 6030±180 BP 7279–6450 cal BP Ziolkowski et al 1994 Bird et al. 2022
Ny-243 NA plant NA NA 6510±180 BP 7698–6985 cal BP Ziolkowski et al 1994 Bird et al. 2022
Ny-356 NA shell NA NA 3460±70 BP 3900–3494 cal BP Colvocoressi D. & David N. (1979) Bird et al. 2022
OxA-950 NA bone NA NA 12500±140 BP 15187–14155 cal BP Miotti L. Salemme M. C. (2003). When Patagonia was colonized: people mobility at high latitudes during Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Quaternary International 109 95-111. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-951 NA NA NA NA 11990±140 BP 14190–13509 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-974 NA NA NA NA 14600±160 BP 18205–17413 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (10)

Classification Estimated age References
Upper Paleolithic NA Djindjian 2000a
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Hedges et al. 1987
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Hedges et al. 1987
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Hedges et al. 1987
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Hedges et al. 1987
Magdalenian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{Balsera,
  
}
@misc{Hedges et al. 1987,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian 2000a,
  
}
@misc{Dart 1986,
  
}
@misc{Ziolkowski et al 1994,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Miotti L. Salemme M. C. (2003). When Patagonia was colonized: people mobility at high latitudes during Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Quaternary International 109 95-111.,
  
}
@misc{Cornejo and Sanhueza 2011,
  
}
@misc{Colvocoressi D. & David N. (1979),
  
}
@misc{Cornejo & Sanhueza 2011,
  
}
@misc{Landt et al 2014,
  
}
@misc{RC14 1972 245,
  
}
@misc{Maslowski et al. 1995; Jefferies 1990: 192; Noakes and Brandau 1974: 135; Janzen 1977,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Balsera","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hedges et al. 1987","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian 2000a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dart 1986","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ziolkowski et al 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Miotti L. Salemme M. C. (2003). When Patagonia was colonized: people mobility at high latitudes during Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Quaternary International 109 95-111.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cornejo and Sanhueza 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Colvocoressi D. & David N. (1979)","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cornejo & Sanhueza 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Landt et al 2014","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC14 1972 245","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maslowski et al. 1995; Jefferies 1990: 192; Noakes and Brandau 1974: 135; Janzen 1977","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Balsera
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hedges et al. 1987
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian 2000a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dart 1986
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ziolkowski et al 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Miotti L. Salemme M. C. (2003). When Patagonia was colonized: people
  mobility at high latitudes during Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Quaternary International
  109 95-111.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cornejo and Sanhueza 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Colvocoressi D. & David N. (1979)
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cornejo & Sanhueza 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Landt et al 2014
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC14 1972 245
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Maslowski et al. 1995; Jefferies 1990: 192; Noakes and Brandau 1974:
  135; Janzen 1977'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"

Changelog