Site types
Cave, cave, collective burial, rockshelter, rockshelter/cave, settlement, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
NA
Coordinates (DMS)
NA
Country (ISO 3166)
Spain (ES)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (39)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
MC-2295 Residencial; Y34-C2; Hàbitat en cova charcoal NA NA 3590±90 BP Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
MC-2295 charcoal NA NA 3590±90 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Bird et al. 2022
Mc-2295 charcoal NA 14C 3590±90 BP Kiel DB 4230 Weninger 2022
MC-2295 Residencial; Hàbitat en cova; Y34-C2. charcoal NA NA 3590±90 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Hinz et al. 2012
Mc-2295 charcoal NA NA 3590±90 BP Kiel DB 4230 Bird et al. 2022
I-13052 Residencial; Hàbitat en cova; Y24-C3 charcoal NA NA 3720±100 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Hinz et al. 2012
I-13052 charcoal NA NA 3720±100 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Bird et al. 2022
I-13052 charcoal NA C14 3720±100 BP Balsera Weninger 2022
I-13052 Residencial; Y24-C3; Hàbitat en cova charcoal NA NA 3720±100 BP Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
MC-2294 Residencial; X-Y22, C2; Hàbitat en cova charcoal NA NA 3790±100 BP Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
Mc-2294 charcoal NA NA 3790±100 BP Kiel DB 4229 Bird et al. 2022
Mc-2294 charcoal NA 14C 3790±100 BP Kiel DB 4229 Weninger 2022
MC-2294 Residencial; Hàbitat en cova; X-Y22, C2. charcoal NA NA 3790±100 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Hinz et al. 2012
MC-2294 charcoal NA NA 3790±100 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Bird et al. 2022
MC-2296 charcoal NA 14C 3990±100 BP Kiel DB 4231 Weninger 2022
MC-2296 charcoal NA NA 3990±100 BP Kiel DB 4231 Bird et al. 2022
MC-2296 charcoal NA NA 3990±100 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Bird et al. 2022
MC-2296 Residencial; Hàbitat en cova; Y35-C3 charcoal NA NA 3990±100 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983 Hinz et al. 2012
MC-2296 charcoal layer 3 NA 3990±100 BP Soriano/Gibaja/Vila 2015, 160 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014
MC-2297 Residencial; Y35-C3; Hàbitat en cova charcoal NA NA 3990±100 BP Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981 ; Martín et al. 1983 Kneisel, Hinz, and Rinne 2014

typological date Typological dates (36)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA Martins et al. 2015
Neolithic NA Martins et al. 2015
Neolithic NA Martins et al. 2015
Neolithic NA van Willigen 2006, Zilhao 2001
Cardial NA NA
Neolithic NA van Willigen 2006
neo moyen I NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Balsera
Neolithic NA Hidalgo 2010
Cardial NA NA
Bronze Age NA Kiel DB 4229
Bronze Age NA Kiel DB 4230
Chalcolithic NA Kiel DB 4231
Neolithic NA Larsson 2019
Neolithic NA van Willigen 2006
Chalcolithic NA Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983
Antic NA Martín et al. 1983; Manen 2000
Neolithikum NA NA
Antic NA Martín et al. 1983; Manen 2000
Neolithikum NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{Martins et al. 2015,
  
}
@misc{van Willigen 2006, Zilhao 2001,
  
}
@misc{van Willigen 2006,
  
}
@misc{Balsera,
  
}
@misc{Hidalgo 2010,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 4229,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 4230,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 4231,
  
}
@misc{Larsson 2019,
  
}
@misc{Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983,
  
}
@misc{Martín et al. 1983; Manen 2000,
  
}
@misc{Martín et al. 1983,
  
}
@misc{Martín/Mestres 2002;  Martín et al. 1981 ; Martín et al. 1983,
  
}
@misc{Soriano/Gibaja/Vila 2015, 160,
  
}
@misc{Martins  2015,
  
}
@misc{MARIAH ASSOCIATES,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 4232,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@dataset{RADON-B,
  title = {RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age},
  author = {Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe},
  date = {2014},
  url = {https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de},
  abstract = {The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Martins et al. 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"van Willigen 2006, Zilhao 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"van Willigen 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Balsera","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hidalgo 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 4229","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 4230","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 4231","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Larsson 2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Martín et al. 1983; Manen 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Martín et al. 1983","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Martín/Mestres 2002;  Martín et al. 1981 ; Martín et al. 1983","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Soriano/Gibaja/Vila 2015, 160","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Martins  2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"MARIAH ASSOCIATES","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 4232","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON-B","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}","author":"{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}","date":"{2014}","url":"{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}","abstract":"{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Martins et al. 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: van Willigen 2006, Zilhao 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: van Willigen 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Balsera
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hidalgo 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 4229
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 4230
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 4231
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Larsson 2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Martín/Mestres 2002; Martín et al. 1981; Martín et al. 1983
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Martín et al. 1983; Manen 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Martín et al. 1983
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Martín/Mestres 2002;  Martín et al. 1981 ; Martín et al. 1983
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Soriano/Gibaja/Vila 2015, 160
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Martins  2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: MARIAH ASSOCIATES
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 4232
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON-B
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European
    14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}"
  :author: "{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}"
  :date: "{2014}"
  :url: "{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}"
  :abstract: "{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The
    time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period
    from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological
    factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or
    features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited
    in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject
    to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog