Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
032.530° N, 035.710° E
Coordinates (DMS)
032° 31' 00" E, 035° 42' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Jordan (JO)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (39)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
TO-1407 bone NA 14C 7800±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, 155 Weninger 2022
TO-3408 charcoal NA 14C 6190±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, 155 Weninger 2022
TO-4277 charcoal NA 14C 6490±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, 155 Weninger 2022
TO-987 bone Gazella 14C 11170±100 BP Weninger 2022
TO-1086 bone NA NA 5740±110 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-3408 charcoal NA NA 6190±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-3410 charcoal NA NA 6350±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-3412 charcoal NA NA 6380±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-4277 charcoal NA NA 6490±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-2114 charcoal NA NA 6590±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-2115 charcoal NA NA 6630±80 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-3411 charcoal NA NA 6670±60 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-3409 charcoal NA NA 6900±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-1407 bone NA NA 7800±70 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-987 bone Gazella NA 11170±100 BP Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-2116 bone NA NA 12660±430 BP Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-4592 charcoal NA NA 12810±480 BP Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-989 bone Gazella NA 13110±130 BP Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-991 bone Gazella NA 14850±160 BP Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
TO-1086 level 16; level 16; A.005 (=Area A, Locus 5) bone Homo sapiens NA 5740±110 BP Banning et al. 1994; Blackham 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (28)

Classification Estimated age References
EP NA Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
EP NA Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
EP NA Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
EP NA Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
EP NA Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
Epipalaeolithic NA NA
Geom. Kebaran NA NA
Geom. Kebaran NA NA
Geom. Kebaran NA NA
Geom. Kebaran NA NA
Kebaran NA NA
Kebaran NA NA
Neolithic NA Banning et al. 1994, 155
Neolithic NA Banning et al. 1994, 155
Neolithic NA Banning et al. 1994, 155
PN NA Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
PN NA Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
PN NA Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
PN NA Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
PN NA Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{Banning et al. 1994, 155,
  
}
@misc{Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997,
  
}
@misc{Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997,
  
}
@misc{Banning et al. 1994; Blackham 1997;  Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Kadowaki et al. 2008,
  
}
@misc{Banning et al. 1994 Blackham 1997,
  
}
@misc{Byrd 1989b Byrd 1994 Blackham 1997,
  
}
@misc{Harington 2003: 464; Kooyman et al. 2001; Faunmap 4410,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Banning et al. 1994, 155","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banning et al. 1994; Blackham 1997;  Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kadowaki et al. 2008","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banning et al. 1994 Blackham 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Byrd 1989b Byrd 1994 Blackham 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Harington 2003: 464; Kooyman et al. 2001; Faunmap 4410","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Banning et al. 1994, 155
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banning et al. 1994, Blackham 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Byrd 1989b, Byrd 1994, Blackham 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banning et al. 1994; Blackham 1997;  Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kadowaki et al. 2008
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banning et al. 1994 Blackham 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Byrd 1989b Byrd 1994 Blackham 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Harington 2003: 464; Kooyman et al. 2001; Faunmap 4410'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog