Site types
Settlement and

Location

200 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
030.530° N, 034.530° E
Coordinates (DMS)
030° 31' 00" E, 034° 31' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Israel (IL)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (24)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-3001 charcoal NA 14C 10300±100 BP 12590–11743 cal BP Byrd 1994 Weninger 2022
Pta-3009 charcoal NA 14C 10500±100 BP 12711–12043 cal BP Byrd 1994 Weninger 2022
Pta-3284 charcoal NA 14C 10380±100 BP 12616–11840 cal BP Byrd 1994 Weninger 2022
Pta-3285 charcoal NA 14C 10390±100 BP 12619–11880 cal BP Byrd 1994 Weninger 2022
Pta-3286 charcoal NA 14C 10100±100 BP 11995–11267 cal BP Byrd 1994 Weninger 2022
Pta-3288 charcoal NA 14C 10250±100 BP 12478–11411 cal BP Byrd 1994 Weninger 2022
Pta-3286 charcoal NA NA 10100±100 BP 11995–11267 cal BP Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Waterbolk 1994, Schyle 1996
Pta-3288 charcoal NA NA 10250±100 BP 12478–11411 cal BP Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
Pta-3001 charcoal NA NA 10300±100 BP 12590–11743 cal BP Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
Pta-3284 charcoal NA NA 10380±100 BP 12616–11840 cal BP Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
Pta-3285 charcoal NA NA 10390±100 BP 12619–11880 cal BP Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
Pta-3009 charcoal NA NA 10500±100 BP 12711–12043 cal BP Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994
Pta-3001 locus 3/220-225; Layer 3, 220-225 charcoal NA NA 10300±100 BP 12590–11743 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3009 locus 3/280; Layer 3, 280 charcoal NA NA 10500±100 BP 12711–12043 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3284 locus 3/275-280; Layer 3, 275-280 charcoal NA NA 10380±100 BP 12616–11840 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3285 locus 3/210-220; Layer 3, 210-220 charcoal NA NA 10390±100 BP 12619–11880 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3286 locus 7/180-185; Layer 7, 180-185 charcoal NA NA 10100±100 BP 11995–11267 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3288 locus 7/220-225; Layer 7, 220-225 charcoal NA NA 10250±100 BP 12478–11411 cal BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3001 charcoal NA NA 10300±100 BP 12590–11743 cal BP CALPAL; CONTEXT; Flohretal2016 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3009 charcoal NA NA 10500±100 BP 12711–12043 cal BP CALPAL; CONTEXT; Flohretal2016 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (24)

Classification Estimated age References
Epipalaeolithic NA Byrd 1994
Harifian NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Byrd 1994
Harifian NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Byrd 1994
Harifian NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Byrd 1994
Harifian NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Byrd 1994
Harifian NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Byrd 1994
Harifian NA NA
EP NA Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Waterbolk 1994, Schyle 1996
Harifian NA NA
EP NA Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
Harifian NA NA
EP NA Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
Harifian NA NA
EP NA Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
Harifian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Byrd 1994,
  
}
@misc{Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Waterbolk 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL; CONTEXT; Flohretal2016,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Byrd 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Waterbolk 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL; CONTEXT; Flohretal2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Byrd 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Waterbolk
  1994, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle
  1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2014; CalPal; Goring-Morris 1987; Byrd 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef
  1994; Schyle 1996; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL; CONTEXT; Flohretal2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog