Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.980° N, 035.380° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 58' 00" E, 035° 22' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Israel (IL)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (47)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
OxA-744 Level 5.55, loc. 1004, -2.6 m; Loc. 1004; Locus 1004 grain (charred) Hordeum vulgare NA 9700±150 BP 11605–10578 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-4555 loc. 1012; Loc. 1012; Locus 1012 charcoal NA NA 9750±90 BP 11391–10774 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-4556 loc. 1006; Loc. 1006; Locus 1006 charcoal NA NA 9660±70 BP 11210–10768 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-4557 loc. 1001; Loc. 1001; Locus 1001 charcoal NA NA 9780±90 BP 11595–10779 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-4590 loc. 1007; Loc. 1007; Locus 1007 charcoal NA NA 9700±80 BP 11246–10773 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-502C deep sounding, 1.5 m below surface; Pipe line tr.; 0.8 m depth; section charcoal Tamarix NA 10180±300 BP 12732–10878 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-762A loc. 1000; Loc. 1000; Locus 1000 charcoal NA NA 9680±140 BP 11395–10581 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-762B loc. 1002; Loc. 1002; Locus 1002 charcoal NA NA 9600±170 BP 11393–10412 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-762C loc. 1004; Loc. 1004; Locus 1004 charcoal NA NA 9970±150 BP 12037–10897 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-762D loc. 1001; Loc. 1001; Locus 1001 charcoal NA NA 9400±180 BP 11160–10247 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-762F loc. 1006; Loc. 1006; Locus 1006 charcoal NA NA 9780±150 BP 11705–10704 cal BP CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-744 NA seed/fruit Hordeum 14C 9700±150 BP 11605–10578 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
Pta-4555 NA charcoal NA 14C 9750±90 BP 11391–10774 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
Pta-4556 NA charcoal NA 14C 9660±70 BP 11210–10768 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
Pta-4557 NA charcoal NA 14C 9780±90 BP 11595–10779 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
Pta-4590 NA charcoal NA 14C 9700±80 BP 11246–10773 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
RT-502A NA charcoal NA 14C 9790±380 BP 12578–10242 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
RT-502C NA charcoal NA 14C 10180±300 BP 12732–10878 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
RT-762A NA charcoal NA 14C 9680±140 BP 11395–10581 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022
RT-762B NA charcoal NA 14C 9600±170 BP 11393–10412 cal BP Bar-Yosef 1991 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (48)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA Bar-Yosef 1991
PPNA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Bar-Yosef 1991,
  
}
@misc{Bar-Yosef 1988, Bar-Yosef 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Goring-Morris 1987, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Bar-Yosef 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1987, Bar-Yosef 1988, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Bar-Yosef 1988, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Goldberg 1981, Goring-Morris 1987, Bar-Yosef 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Goldberg 1981, Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and  Bar-Yosef 1994; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Bar-Yosef 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bar-Yosef 1988, Bar-Yosef 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris 1987, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Bar-Yosef 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gowlett et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1987, Bar-Yosef 1988, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bar-Yosef 1988, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goldberg 1981, Goring-Morris 1987, Bar-Yosef 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goldberg 1981, Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and  Bar-Yosef 1994; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Bar-Yosef 1991
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bar-Yosef 1988, Bar-Yosef 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goring-Morris 1987, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Bar-Yosef 1991, Housley
  1994, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gowlett et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1987, Bar-Yosef 1988, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef
  1994, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bar-Yosef 1988, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goldberg 1981, Goring-Morris 1987, Bar-Yosef 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef
  1994, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goldberg 1981, Goring-Morris 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef
  1994, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal; Sayej 2007; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and  Bar-Yosef 1994; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"

Changelog