Site types
Central hills, settlement, and

Location

200 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
032.000° N, 035.430° E
Coordinates (DMS)
032° 00' 00" E, 035° 25' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Israel (IL)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (91)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Gd-10132 wood NA 14C 9570±120 BP 11201–10580 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
Gd-10133 wood NA 14C 8830±150 BP 10220–9546 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
Gd-9348 charcoal NA 14C 5370±150 BP 6480–5754 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
Pta-4583 charcoal NA 14C 9830±80 BP 11609–10891 cal BP Weninger 2022
Pta-4585 charcoal NA 14C 9710±70 BP 11247–10785 cal BP Weninger 2022
Pta-4588 charcoal NA 14C 9920±70 BP 11689–11205 cal BP Weninger 2022
RT-777A charcoal NA 14C 9950±150 BP 11992–10878 cal BP Weninger 2022
RT-777B charcoal NA 14C 9900±220 BP 12434–10662 cal BP Weninger 2022
RTT-4016 wood NA 14C 9710±90 BP 11261–10765 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4017 wood NA 14C 9850±100 BP 11730–10878 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4018 wood NA 14C 9770±120 BP 11611–10732 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4019 wood NA 14C 9760±90 BP 11395–10775 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4020 wood NA 14C 9820±80 BP 11606–10877 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4021 charcoal NA 14C 9900±70 BP 11684–11196 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4023 seed/fruit Quercus 14C 9780±100 BP 11603–10770 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4024 wood NA 14C 10150±100 BP 12431–11312 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4025 wood NA 14C 10210±100 BP 12465–11402 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4026 wood NA 14C 10030±100 BP 11876–11245 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4027 charcoal NA 14C 9320±100 BP 10762–10243 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022
RTT-4080 seed/fruit NA 14C 9900±60 BP 11608–11202 cal BP PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (20)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
Neolithic NA NA
PPNA NA NA
ACN NA Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
PPNA NA NA
ACN NA Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
PPNA NA NA
ACN NA Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996
PPNA NA NA
ACN NA Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996
PPNA NA NA
ACN NA Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Carmi and Segal 1992, Schyle 1996
PPNA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Carmi and Segal 1992, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Boaretto et al. 2010a,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2014; CalPal;Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Boaretto et al. 2010a,
  
}
@misc{Maher et al. 2011;  Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Boaretto et al. 2010A; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Sayej 2007,
  
}
@misc{Boaretto et al. 2010,
  
}
@misc{Müller 2001 120,
  
}
@misc{Flohretal2016,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL,
  
}
@misc{Haas 1977 264,
  
}
@misc{Nioradze M. 2006.ERAUL 115: 9-15.,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Carmi and Segal 1992, Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Boaretto et al. 2010a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2014; CalPal;Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Boaretto et al. 2010a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maher et al. 2011;  Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Boaretto et al. 2010A; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sayej 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Boaretto et al. 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Müller 2001 120","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Flohretal2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Haas 1977 264","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Nioradze M. 2006.ERAUL 115: 9-15.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: PPND, CONTEXT, CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994, Schyle
  1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bar-Yosef 1988, Goring-Morris 1991, Carmi and Segal 1992, Schyle 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Boaretto et al. 2010a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2014; CalPal;Bar-Yosef 1988; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Boaretto
  et al. 2010a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maher et al. 2011;  Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Boaretto et al. 2010A; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sayej 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Boaretto et al. 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Müller 2001 120
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Flohretal2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Haas 1977 264
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Nioradze M. 2006.ERAUL 115: 9-15.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog