Site types
Cave and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.900° N, 035.420° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 54' 00" E, 035° 25' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Israel (IL)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (52)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
AA-13442 NA wood Salix 14C 4995±45 BP 5894–5600 cal BP Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
AA-22234 NA wood Olea 14C 5120±55 BP 5991–5735 cal BP Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
AA-22235 NA textile Linen fabric (shroud) 14C 5140±50 BP 5994–5747 cal BP Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
AA-22236 NA seed/fruit Graminae 14C 5600±65 BP 6531–6283 cal BP Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
AA-22237 NA textile linen 14C 5420±50 BP 6304–6010 cal BP Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
RT-1942 NA seed/fruit Graminae 14C 5640±60 BP 6556–6300 cal BP Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
RT-1943 NA seed/fruit Graminae 14C 4700±75 BP 5588–5305 cal BP Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
RT-1945 NA seed/fruit phragmites communis or aruo donax 14C 4910±65 BP 5885–5479 cal BP Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
RT-1946 NA textile linen fabric (shroud) 14C 4925±50 BP 5845–5582 cal BP Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
RT-2513 NA seed/fruit Graminae 14C 5660±40 BP 6538–6315 cal BP Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998 Weninger 2022
RTT-4434 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5560±80 BP 6535–6196 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-4435 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5240±65 BP 6197–5900 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-4872 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5595±40 BP 6444–6300 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-4873 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5330±35 BP 6265–5998 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-4874 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5300±40 BP 6195–5943 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-4889 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5655±40 BP 6531–6313 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-4890 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5630±40 BP 6489–6310 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-5146 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5360±40 BP 6278–6002 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-5147 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5400±40 BP 6291–6017 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022
RTT-5148 NA bone Homo sapiens 14C 5355±40 BP 6277–6001 cal BP Salamon 2010 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (31)

Classification Estimated age References
Chalcolithic NA Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010
Chalcolithic NA Salamon 2010

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

  • No bibliographic information available. [Jull et al. 1998]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Salamon 2010]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Segal and Carmi 1996 Jull et al. 1998]
  • Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
  • Weninger, B. (2022). CalPal Edition 2022.9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/1010.5281/zenodo.7422618 [CalPal2022]
  • http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php [CONTEXT]
@misc{Jull et al. 1998,
  
}
@misc{Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998,
  
}
@misc{Salamon 2010,
  
}
@misc{Segal and Carmi 1996 Jull et al. 1998,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Jull et al. 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Salamon 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Segal and Carmi 1996 Jull et al. 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Jull et al. 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Segal and Carmi 1996, Jull et al. 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Salamon 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Segal and Carmi 1996 Jull et al. 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"

Changelog