Site types
Iron age, iron age ritual site, main ditch (bronze age), primary silting of ring-ditch site b, and

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
054.348° N, 006.698° W
Coordinates (DMS)
054° 20' 00" W, 006° 41' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Ireland (IE)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (140)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
OxA-3321 bone Barbary ape 14C 2150±70 BP 2330–1950 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-186 charcoal Quercus 14C 2415±50 BP 2703–2345 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-187 charcoal NA 14C 2345±55 BP 2696–2156 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-188 charcoal NA 14C 2628±50 BP 2855–2538 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-202 charcoal NA 14C 2215±55 BP 2344–2065 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-203 charcoal NA 14C 2360±55 BP 2699–2180 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-3091 peat NA 14C 2420±40 BP 2700–2348 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-4573 wood NA 14C 2142±46 BP 2305–1995 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-467 charcoal NA 14C 2100±65 BP 2305–1889 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-468 straw NA 14C 2295±70 BP 2675–2115 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-469 wood NA 14C 2150±70 BP 2330–1950 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-470 wood Betula 14C 2130±70 BP 2320–1940 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-752 charcoal Alnus 14C 2175±45 BP 2320–2007 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-770 charcoal Quercus 14C 2240±50 BP 2345–2125 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-771 charcoal NA 14C 2440±55 BP 2706–2354 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-772 wood NA 14C 2175±45 BP 2320–2007 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-773 straw NA 14C 2020±35 BP 2050–1840 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-774a charcoal Alnus 14C 2195±80 BP 2348–1995 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-774b charcoal Alnus 14C 2125±85 BP 2333–1892 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022
UB-775 charcoal Fraxinus 14C 2395±235 BP 2995–1828 cal BP Chapple 2019 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (37)

Classification Estimated age References
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019
Iron Age NA Chapple 2019

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@dataset{IRDD,
  title = {Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August 2019 Release)},
  author = {Chapple, Robert M},
  date = {2019},
  publisher = {Oculus Obscura Press},
  location = {Belfast},
  url = {https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}
}
@misc{Mallory 1995, 85; Lavell 1971, 5C.1; Mallory 1994, 188; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118; Mallory & Warner 1988, 36,
  
}
@misc{Mallory 1995, 85; Weir 1989, 34; Raftery 1994, 230; Waddell 2000, 370; Mallory 2000, 22; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Gault 2002, 27; Lavell 1971, 5C.1; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Lavell 1971, 5C.1,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990, 48; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990, 47; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990, 48; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990, 48; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990, 48; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990, 48; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990, 48; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120; Mallory & Warner 1988, 36; Mallory 1995, 85; Mallory 1994, 188,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Mallory 1995, 85; Mallory 1994, 188; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118; Mallory & Warner 1988, 36,
  
}
@misc{Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Waddell 2000, 370; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119; ORAU Datelist 17 (http://users.ox.ac.uk/~orau/dl_am17.html),
  
}
@misc{Mallory 2000, 25; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Mallory 2000, 26; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Mallory 2000, 26; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 287-288; Lavell 1971, 5C.1,
  
}
@misc{Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Lavell 1971, 5C.1; Lavell 1971, 5C.1; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118,
  
}
@misc{Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Lavell 1971, 5C.1,
  
}
@dataset{Bevan2017,
  title = {Radiocarbon Dataset and Analysis from Bevan, A., Colledge, S., Fuller, D., Fyfe, R., Shennan, S. and C. Stevens 2017. Holocene Fluctuations in Human Population Demonstrate Repeated Links to Food Production and Climate},
  author = {Bevan, A. H.},
  date = {2017-10-20},
  publisher = {UCL Institute of Archaeology},
  location = {London, UK},
  doi = {10.14324/000.ds.10025178},
  url = {https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10025178/},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  langid = {english}
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011; Burenhult 2001; Burenhult 2003,
  
}
@dataset{EUROEVOL,
  title = {The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset},
  author = {Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.},
  date = {2015-07-09},
  url = {https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.},
  langid = {english}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@dataset{EUROEVOL,
  title = {The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset},
  author = {Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.},
  date = {2015-07-09},
  url = {https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.},
  langid = {english}
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@dataset{IRDD,
  title = {Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August 2019 Release)},
  author = {Chapple, Robert M},
  date = {2019},
  publisher = {Oculus Obscura Press},
  location = {Belfast},
  url = {https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
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Stevens 2017. Holocene Fluctuations in Human Population Demonstrate Repeated Links to Food Production and Climate}","author":"{Bevan, A. H.}","date":"{2017-10-20}","publisher":"{UCL Institute of Archaeology}","location":"{London, UK}","doi":"{10.14324/000.ds.10025178}","url":"{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10025178/}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","langid":"{english}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Whittle et al. 2011; Burenhult 2001; Burenhult 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"EUROEVOL","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}","author":"{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.}","date":"{2015-07-09}","url":"{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.}","langid":"{english}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"EUROEVOL","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}","author":"{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.}","date":"{2015-07-09}","url":"{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.}","langid":"{english}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"IRDD","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August 2019 Release)}","author":"{Chapple, Robert M}","date":"{2019}","publisher":"{Oculus Obscura Press}","location":"{Belfast}","url":"{https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
- :bibtex_key: IRDD
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August
    2019 Release)}"
  :author: "{Chapple, Robert M}"
  :date: "{2019}"
  :publisher: "{Oculus Obscura Press}"
  :location: "{Belfast}"
  :url: "{https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}"
---
:bibtex_key: Mallory 1995, 85; Lavell 1971, 5C.1; Mallory 1994, 188; Bayliss & Grogan
  2013, 118; Mallory & Warner 1988, 36
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mallory 1995, 85; Weir 1989, 34; Raftery 1994, 230; Waddell 2000, 370;
  Mallory 2000, 22; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Gault 2002, 27;
  Lavell 1971, 5C.1; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Lavell 1971, 5C.1
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990,
  48; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990,
  47; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990,
  48; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan
  2013, 119
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990,
  48; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990,
  48; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990,
  48; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Warner, Mallory & Baillie 1990,
  48; Mount 1995, 87; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 120; Mallory
  & Warner 1988, 36; Mallory 1995, 85; Mallory 1994, 188
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Gault 2002, 27; Mallory 1995, 85; Mallory 1994, 188;
  Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118; Mallory & Warner 1988, 36
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Warner 1997, 192; Raftery 1994, 229; Waddell 2000, 370; Gault 2002, 27;
  Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 119; ORAU Datelist 17 (http://users.ox.ac.uk/~orau/dl_am17.html)
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mallory 2000, 25; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mallory 2000, 26; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mallory 2000, 26; Gault 2002, 27; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 287-288; Lavell 1971, 5C.1
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Lavell 1971, 5C.1; Lavell 1971,
  5C.1; Bayliss & Grogan 2013, 118
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1970a, 288; Lavell 1971, 5C.1
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Bevan2017
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Dataset and Analysis from Bevan, A., Colledge, S., Fuller,
    D., Fyfe, R., Shennan, S. and C. Stevens 2017. Holocene Fluctuations in Human
    Population Demonstrate Repeated Links to Food Production and Climate}"
  :author: "{Bevan, A. H.}"
  :date: "{2017-10-20}"
  :publisher: "{UCL Institute of Archaeology}"
  :location: "{London, UK}"
  :doi: "{10.14324/000.ds.10025178}"
  :url: "{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10025178/}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :langid: "{english}"
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011; Burenhult 2001; Burenhult 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: EUROEVOL
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}"
  :author: "{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan,
    S.}"
  :date: "{2015-07-09}"
  :url: "{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural
    Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan,
    UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon
    data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating
    between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections
    of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and
    families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP
    counts and >36,000 biometrics.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: EUROEVOL
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}"
  :author: "{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan,
    S.}"
  :date: "{2015-07-09}"
  :url: "{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural
    Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan,
    UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon
    data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating
    between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections
    of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and
    families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP
    counts and >36,000 biometrics.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: IRDD
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August
    2019 Release)}"
  :author: "{Chapple, Robert M}"
  :date: "{2019}"
  :publisher: "{Oculus Obscura Press}"
  :location: "{Belfast}"
  :url: "{https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog