Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
037.030° N, 045.470° E
Coordinates (DMS)
037° 01' 00" E, 045° 28' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Iran (IR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (168)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
P-2375 charcoal NA 14C 2950±50 BP Fishman 1978 Weninger 2022
P-2375 HAS-72-C14-S16, provenience W30 C14 S2. sample was portion of column from E portico of burned Bldg IV. Portico was built at start of Period IvB. Comments: NaOH pretreatment. charcoal NA NA 2950±50 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
P-2376 charcoal NA NA 2820±50 BP Fishman 1978 Bird et al. 2022
P-2376 charcoal NA 14C 2820±50 BP Fishman 1978 Weninger 2022
P-2376 HAS-72-C14-S17, provenience Y31(3)/3/C14 S2. from upper collapse of burned Bldg V, over bench in NW corner of columned hall. Bldg was partially reconstructed at start of Period IVB after damaged by fire. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. charcoal NA NA 2820±50 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
P-2377 charcoal NA NA 2360±60 BP Fishman 1978 Bird et al. 2022
P-2377 HAS-72-Ca4-S18, from kiln built over thin burned stratum resting on pavement assoc with curved Wall A in Z21 charcoal NA NA 2360±60 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
P-2377 charcoal NA 14C 2360±60 BP Fishman 1978 Weninger 2022
P-2378 charcoal NA NA 2990±170 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978 Palmisano et al. 2022
P-2380 charcoal NA NA 2540±50 BP Fishman 1978 Bird et al. 2022
P-2380 charcoal reeds 14C 2540±50 BP Fishman 1978 Weninger 2022
P-2380 HAS-74-C14-S91, Provenience W32 P26 C14 S22b, from burned Bldg IV-Vdebris cut into by stratified refuse pit. Sample from Lenses 7 through 10 at base of pit. Comment (RHD): pit was cut from surface dating to Period IIIB/IV. Date appears to favor Period IVA charcoal Phragmites NA 2540±50 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
P-2381 charcoal reeds? 14C 2480±70 BP Fishman 1978 Weninger 2022
P-2381 charcoal NA NA 2480±70 BP Fishman 1978 Bird et al. 2022
P-2381 HAS-74-C14, provenience W32 P26 C14 S22a, from upper Lenses 1 through 6 in same pit as P-2380, above. Comments: sample undersized in 8L counter, resulting in slightly larger uncertainty than most samples in series charcoal Phragmites NA 2480±70 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
P-2382 charcoal NA NA 2440±60 BP Fishman 1978 Bird et al. 2022
P-2382 charcoal NA 14C 2440±60 BP Fishman 1978 Weninger 2022
P-2382 HAS-74-C14-S92:from provenience Y20 with Wall A, W slope of Citadel Mound. Wall A directly underlies fortification Wall I, and relates stratigrphically to Wall A and pavement of Z21 charcoal NA NA 2440±60 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
P-2383 charcoal NA 14C 2600±50 BP Fishman 1978 Weninger 2022
P-2383 HAS-74-C14-S95, provenience V22 (4), stone paving on NW Citadel Mound. From paved structure overlying N wall of burned Bldg VI, and underlying walls of IIIB date attached to Fortification Wall II. Comment: NaOH pretreatment. charcoal NA NA 2600±50 BP Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (75)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Hasanlu IVB NA Fishman 1978
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Hasanlu IIIB/IVA NA Fishman 1978
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Neolithic NA RC 1, 1959, 45-58
Bronze Age NA Fishman 1978
Hasanlu V NA NA
Bronze Age NA Fishman 1978
Hasanlu V NA NA
Bronze Age NA Fishman 1978
Hasanlu IIIB/IVA NA NA
Bronze Age NA Fishman 1978
Hasanlu IVA NA NA
Bronze Age NA Fishman 1978

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

  • No bibliographic information available. [RC 1, 1959, 45-58]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Fishman 1978]
  • No bibliographic information available. [RC 5, 1963, 82-103]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Ralph 1959; CalPal]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Fishman and Lawn 1978]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Stuckenrath 1963; CalPal]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Stuckenrath 1963]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Stuckenrath et al. 1966]
  • No bibliographic information available. [RC 1 1959 45-58]
  • No bibliographic information available. [RC 5 1963 82-103]
  • Weninger, B. (2022). CalPal Edition 2022.9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/1010.5281/zenodo.7422618 [CalPal2022]
  • Palmisano, A., Bevan, A., Lawrence, D., & Shennan, S. (2022). The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP. 10(0), 2. https://doi.org/10.5334/joad.90 [NERD]
  • Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{RC 1, 1959, 45-58,
  
}
@misc{Fishman 1978,
  
}
@misc{RC 5, 1963, 82-103,
  
}
@misc{Ralph 1959; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Fishman and Lawn 1978,
  
}
@misc{Stuckenrath 1963; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Stuckenrath 1963,
  
}
@misc{Stuckenrath et al. 1966,
  
}
@misc{RC 1 1959 45-58,
  
}
@misc{RC 5 1963 82-103,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"RC 1, 1959, 45-58","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fishman 1978","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 5, 1963, 82-103","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ralph 1959; CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fishman and Lawn 1978","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stuckenrath 1963; CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stuckenrath 1963","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stuckenrath et al. 1966","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 1 1959 45-58","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 5 1963 82-103","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: RC 1, 1959, 45-58
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fishman 1978
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 5, 1963, 82-103
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ralph 1959; CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fishman and Lawn 1978; CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fishman and Lawn 1978
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuckenrath 1963; CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuckenrath 1963
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuckenrath et al. 1966
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 1 1959 45-58
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 5 1963 82-103
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog